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Clan Cumming

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Clan Comyn/Cumming Crest: A lion rampant or, in his dexter paw a dagger Proper
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Clan Comyn/Cumming Crest: A lion rampant or, in his dexter paw a dagger Proper

Clan Cumming, also known as Clan Comyn, is a Scottish clan from the central Highlands that played a major role in the history of 13th century Scotland and in the Wars of Scottish Independence where they were among the clans who defeated the English at the Battle of Roslin in 1303.

Contents

History

Origins of the Name

There are two theories as to the name Comyn. Firstly that it was derived from the townComines, Flanders, which is in Northern France and that the Comyns were among the settlers who came over after the Norman invasion of England. The other theory suggested by experts is that the name came from a herb called cummin which was spelt comyn in early times.

Clan History

This clan is believed to descend from Robert of Comyn, or Comines, a companion of William the Conqueror who accompanied him in his conquest of England. Shortly after his participation in the Battle of Hastings, Robert was made Earl of Northumberland, and, when David I came to Scotland to claim his throne, Richard Comyn, the grandson of Robert, was among the Norman knights that followed him.

Richard Comyn quickly gained land and influence in Scotland through an advantageous marriage to the granddaughter of the former Scottish king Donald III, Hextilda of Tynedale. Richard's descendants continued the Comyns' rise to power through marriage, and, at the close of the thirteenth century, the Comyns were the most powerful clan in Scotland, members of the holding or having held thirtenn Scottish earldoms, including those of Buchan, Menteith, and Angus, and several lordships, including the Lordship of Badenoch. The Lords of Badenoch represented the chief line of the clan and ruled their vast lands from their impregnable island stronghold of Lochindorb Castle.

John \"the Black\" Comyn

After the death of the last descendant of the royal line of David I, the clan chief John "the Black" Comyn was one of six competitors for the crown of Scotland due to his connection to King Donald III. A Comyn ally, John Balliol, was chosen as king, and Balliol's sister was soon married to the Black Comyn.

John \"the Red\" Comyn

The Wars of Scottish Independence

This marriage produced a son, John "the Red" Comyn, and, upon the exile of the Balliols by Edward I of England, the Red Comyn was left as the most powerful man in Scotland and the legitimate royal successor, having a double claim through the male and female lines. 

During the Wars of Scottish Independence John the Red acted as co-leader of the Scottish forces with his rival Robert the Bruce after the death of William Wallace and achieved some notable successes against the English, including at the Battle of Roslin. However, Robert the Bruce, desiring to secure his claim to the throne, murdered the Red Comyn at a meeting at a church in Dumfries in 1306.  This led to a bitter civil war between the Bruce's faction and the Comyns and their allies that eventually resulted in the Comyns' power being completely broken at the Battle of Inverurie.  



15th & 16th Centuries


At the beginning of the fifteenth century, Clan Cumming had been reduced to simply another Highland clan, although the Cummings, as the name is now often spelled, continued to play a significant part in the history and culture of the Badenoch, Strathspey, and Aberdeenshire regions of Scotland. 



Clan Conflicts


In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Cummings carried on significant, and bloody, feuds with Clan MacPherson, Clan Shaw, and Clan Brodie over lands in Nairnshire.


The Clan participated in the Battle of Glenlivet at the service of Clan Gordon in 1594. 


During the late sixteenth and throughout the seventeenth century, members of the clan were known for their musical talents and served as the hereditary pipers and fiddlers to the Laird of Grant of Clan Grant.  



Clan Chiefs & Clan Seat


After the death of John "the Red" Comyn, the chieftainship fell on the Cummings of Altyre, and it is retained by this family to the present. The current Chief is Sir Alastair Cumming, Bart. The clan seat is at *Altyre, Moray, Scotland.



Clan Profile




Comyn plant badge: Cumin plant

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Comyn plant badge: Cumin plant









Gaelic names



Tartans

Clan Cumming has several recognized tartans:



Cumming (Modern)

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Cumming (Modern)









Cumming (Hunting)

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Cumming (Hunting)









Cumming (Weathered Hunting)

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Cumming (Weathered Hunting)









Cumming (Ancient Hunting)

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Cumming (Ancient Hunting)








































Arms




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Branches



Septs of Clan Cumming



Settlements

Several towns and settlements in Scotland are associated with Clan Cumming.





Castles


Clan Cumming was one of the leading castle-building families of Scottish history and are associated with many castles in Scotland, England, and Ireland. 





Religious Sites

Clan Cumming is associated with several religious sites in Scotland.





Notable Clan Members





Allied Clans



Rival Clans



See also



External links












 





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