Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Encyclopedia : C : CL : CLA : Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

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United States and Canada

Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). The following list groups peoples by their region of origin, followed by the current location. See the individual article on each tribe or First Nation for a history of their movements. See the List of Native American Tribal Entities for the United States' official list of recognized Native American tribes. The regions are:

Arctic

• Aleut
• Inuit
• Yupik

Subarctic

Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna) Atikamekw Babine Bearlake Chipewyan Cree Dakelh Deg Hit’an (Deg Xinag, Degexit’an, Ingalik) Dena’ina (Dialects: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River) Dogrib Gwichʼin (Kutchin, Loucheaux) Haida Han Hare Holikachuk Innu Kaska (Nahane) Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim) Koyukon Mountain Naskapi

Nishka Ojibwa Sekani Slavey (Dialects: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson) Tagish Tahltan Lower Tanana Middle Tanana Upper Tanana Tanacross Tasttine (Beaver) Inland Tlingit Tsetsaut Tsimshian Northern Tutchone Southern Tutchone Wet'suwet'en Yellowknife

California

Achomawi (Pit River Indians) Antoniaño Atsugewi Bear River Cahuilla Campo Chemehuevi Chukchansi Chumash (Dialects: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik) Chilula Chimariko Costanoan (Dialects: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen) Cupeño Diegueño Esselen Fernandeño - see Tataviam Gabrieliño - see Tongva Giamina Huchnom Hupa Ipai Jamul Juaneño Kamia Karok Kato Kiliwa Kitanemuk Klamath Konomihu Konkow Kumeyaay (Diegueño) Lassik Luiseño Maidu Mattole Mesa Grande Migueleño Mission Indians Miwok (Me-wuk) Modoc Mohave

Monache Nakipa Nisenan Nomlaki Nongatl Ohlone Paipai (Akwa'ala) Paiute Patwin Pit River - see Achomawi Pomo Quechan Rumsen Salinan San Clemente San Nicolas Santa Catalina Serrano Shasta Sinkyone Tache Tachi tribe Tataviam (Fernandeño) Tipai Tolowa Tongva (Gabrieliño) Tsnungwe Tubatulabal Wai-lakki Wappo Washoe Whilkut Wintu Wintun Wiyot Yahi Yana Yocha Dehe Yokuts Yuki Coast Yuki Yurok

Eastern Woodlands

''For list of tribes, see Eastern Woodlands

• Bannock
• Chemehuevi
• Gosiute Utah
• Kawaiisu
• Koso (Panamint)
• Mono
• Owen's Valley (Native Americans)
• Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
• Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
• Paviotso
• Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
• Timbisha
• Ute Utah, Colorado
• Washo Nevada, California

Plateau

Cayuse Oregon Celilo (Wayampam) Upper Chinookan (Dialects: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah, Columbian (Dialects: Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan) Coeur d'Alene Idaho Colville Washington Upper Cowlitz Flatbow Flathead John Day Kalispel Washington Kittitas Klamath Klikitat Washington Kootenai Idaho Lakes (Sinixt) BC-Idaho St'at'imc aka the Lillooet people Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam) Modoc Molala (Molale) Oregon

Nez Perce Idaho Nicola Nlaka'pamux aka the Thompson people Okanagan (Dialects: Northern and Southern) Palus (Palouse) Pend'Oreilles Rock Creek Sahaptin Sanpoil Secwepemc aka the Shuswap people Spokane, Washington Tenino Tsilhqot'in aka the Chilcotin people Tygh Tygh Valley Umatilla Oregon Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan) Walla Walla Oregon Wanapum Wasco Oregon Yakima Washington

Northwest Coast

Ahantchuyuk - see Kalapuya Alsea Applegate Atfalati - see Kalapuya Bella Bella BC Coast Bella Coola BC Coast Calapooia - see Kalapuya Calapuya - see Kalapuya Central Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Chasta Costa Chehalis (Upper and Lower) Washington Chemakum Washington Chetco BC Lower Mainland Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco) Clatsop Clatskanie (Tlatskanie) Comox Vancouver Island/BC Georgia Strait Coos Oregon Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon Upper Coquille Cowichan Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait Lower Cowlitz Washington Duwamish Washington Eyak Alaska Galice Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska Haihai Haisla BC Coast Heiltsuk BC Coast Hoh Washington Kalapuya (Calapooia, Calapuya) *North Kalapuya **Yamhill (Yamel) **Tualatin **Tfalati (Atfalati) *Central Kalapuya **Santiam **Mary's River **Lakmiut **Ahantchuyuk **Lower McKenzie (Mohawk) *South Kalapuya (Yonkalla, Yoncalla) Kimsquit BC Coast Kitimat BC Coast Klallam (Clallam, Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble)) Klickitat Koskimo Kwalhioqua Kwakiutl (Kwakwala or Kwakwa'kwa'kw) Kwalhioqua Kwantlen BC Lower Mainland Kwatami Lakmiut - see Kalapuya

Lower McKenzie - see Kalapuya Lummi Washington Lushootseed Washington Makah Washington Mary's River - see Kalapuya Muckleshoot Washington Musqueam BC Lower Mainland (Vancouver) Nanaimo Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait Niskwalli (Nisqually) Nooksack Washington North Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Nisqually Washington Nuu-chah-nulth Western Vancouver Island Oowekyala BC Coast Pentlatch Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait (extinct) Puyallup Washington Quileute Washington Quinault Washington Rogue River or Upper Illinois Oregon, California Saanich Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait Samish Washington Santiam - see Kalapuya Sauk-Suiattle Washington Sechelt BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (Shishalh) Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington Siletz Oregon Siuslaw Oregon Skagit Skokomish Washington Sliammon BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (branch of Comox) Snohomish Snoqualmie BC Lower Mainland/Fraser Valley Songhees (Songish) Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca Sooke Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca South Kalapuya - see Kalapuya Squaxin Island Tribe Washington Spokane Washington Stillaguamish Washington Squamish British Columbia Suquamish Washington Swinomish Washington Tait Takelma Oregon Talio Tfalati - see Kalapuya Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon Tlatlasikoala Tlingit Alaska Tolowa-Tututni Tsimshian Tualatin - see Kalapuya Tulalip Washington Twana Washington Lower Umpqua Oregon Upper Umpqua Oregon Upper Skagit Washington Yamel - see Kalapuya Yamhill - see Kalapuya Yaquina Yoncalla - see Kalapuya Yonkalla - see Kalapuya

Plains

Arapaho Wyoming, Oklahoma Arikara (aka Arikaree or Ree) North Dakota Assiniboine (Assiniboin) Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation is home to Assiniboine and Lakota (Sioux) Atsina Besawunena Blackfoot Montana/Alberta (bands: Kainah or Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan or Blackfeet) Brulé Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma Chickasaw Oklahoma Comanche Oklahoma Crow (Absaroka or Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota Chippewa Cree, Montana Plains Cree Montana Dakota Gros Ventre Hasinai Hidatsa North Dakota Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma Kiowa Oklahoma Kitsai Lakota (Sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska Lipan Apache Mandan North Dakota Missouri Missouri

Nawathinehena Naskapi Oglala Sioux Omaha Nebraska Mississaugas Osage Nation Oklahoma Otoe Oklahoma Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma Pawnee (Dialects: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma Powhatans Piegan Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache) Oklahoma Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma Santee (a division of Sioux, not equivalent to the Santee in South Carolina) Sauk (originally Great Lakes now Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwe) Siksika Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota) Stoney Teton Tonkawa Oklahoma Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina) Wichita Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes - Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi] Wyandot Ontario, Michigan Yankton Yanktonai Zuni

Adaes - see Adai Adahi - see Adai Adai (Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) Louisiana Adaise - see Adai Adaizan - see Adai Adaizi - see Adai Adees - see Adai Ais Florida Akokisa Texas southeast coast Alabama Alabama Alafay (Alafia, Pojoy, Pohoy, Costas Alafeyes, Alafaya Costas) Florida Amacano Florida Apalachee Florida Apalachicola Georgia, Florida Atakapa (Attacapa) Louisiana west coast Atayos - see Adai Attacapa - see Atakapa Avoyel ("little Natchez") northern Texas Backhooks Nation (=Pahoc ?) South Carolina Bayogoula southeastern Louisiana Bidai eastern Texas Biloxi Mississippi Boca Ratones Florida Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas Calusa Florida Cape Fear Indians North Carolina southern coast Catawba South Carolina Chacato (Chatot, Chactoo) West Florida Chawasha Cheraw (Chara, Charàh) North Carolina Cherokee North Carolina; later Oklahoma Chiaha Chickahominy Virginia Chickamauga Chickanee (Chiquini) North Carolina Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, later Oklahoma Chine Florida Chisca (Cisca) Florida Chitimacha Louisiana Choctaw Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of Louisiana; later Oklahoma Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia Congaree (Canggaree) South Carolina Coree North Carolina Coushatta Louisiana Coharie North Carolina Cusabo coastal South Carolina Eno (Eenó) North Carolina Eyeish (Hais, Aliche, Aiche) eastern Texas Garza Texas, northern Mexico Grigra Guacata (Santalûces) Florida Guacozo Florida Guazoco Florida Guale (Iguaja, Ybaja) coastal Georgia & Florida Hitchiti Georgia, Alabama, Florida Hooks Nation (=Huaq ?) South Carolina Houma Louisiana Iswa Jaega Florida Jobe (Hobe) Florida Jororo Florida Keyauwee North Carolina Koasati Koroa Luca (tribe) Florida Lumbee North Carolina Manahoac Viriginia Mattaponi Virginia Matecumbe (Matacumbêses, Matacumbe, Matacombe) Florida coast Mayaca Florida Mayaimi Florida Mayajuaca Florida Meherrin North Carolina Mikasuki (Miccosukee) Florida Mobila (Mobile) Alabama Mocoso Florida Monacan Virginia Monyton (Moneton, Monekot, Moheton) (Siouan) Viriginia Mougoulacha southeastern Louisiana Movila western Florida Nahyssan Viriginia Naniaba Alabama

Nansemond Virginia Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana Neusiok (Newasiwac, Neuse River Indians) North Carolina Nottaway Occaneechi (Siouan) Virginia Oconee Georgia, Florida Ofo Okchai (Ogchay) Okelousa Louisiana Opelousa Louisiana Osochee (Oswichee, Usachi, Oosécha) Pacara Florida Pakana (Pacâni, Pagna, Pasquenan, Pak-ká-na, Pacanas) Pamlico (Carolina) Pamunkey Virginia Pascagoula Mississippi coast Patiri southeastern Texas Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina Pensacola Florida panhandle Quinipissa southeastern Louisiana Rappahannock Tribe Virginia Saluda (Saludee, Saruti) South Carolina Santee (Seretee, Sarati, Sati, Sattees) South Carolina (≠Santee Sioux) Santa Luces Florida Saponi Saraw North Carolina Sawokli (Sawakola, Sabacola, Sabacôla, Savacola) Florida Saxapahaw (Sissipahua, Shacioes) North Carolina Seminole Florida, Oklahoma Sewee (Suye, Joye, Xoye, Soya) South Carolina coast Shoccoree (Schockoorees ?) North Carolina (also Viriginia?) Stegara Stuckanox Sugeree (Sagarees, Sugaws, Sugar, Succa) South Carolina Surruque Florida Suteree (Sitteree, Sutarees, Sataree) North Carolina Taensa Tawasa Virginia Tequesta Florida Terocodame *Codam *Hieroquodame *Oodame *Perocodame *Teroodame Timucua Florida, Georgia *Acuera Florida *Agua Fresca Florida *Arapaha Florida *Itafi (or Icafui) Florida *Mocama Florida, Georgia *Northern Utina Florida, *Ocale Florida *Oconi Florida, Georgia *Potano Florida *Tucururu Florida *Yufera Georgia *Yustaga Florida Tiou Tocaste Florida Tocobaga Florida Tohomé Alabama Tomahitan eastern Tennessee Topachula Florida Tukabahchee (Tuk-ke-bat-che) Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (later Niagara Falls, NY) Tuskegee Tutelo Tunica Mississippi Utiza Florida Vicela Florida Viscaynos Florida Waccamaw South Carolina Wateree (Guatari, Watterees) North Carolina Waxhaw (Waxsaws, Wisack, Wisacky, Weesock, Flathead) South Carolina Wetumpka (Wee-tam-ka) Winyaw South Carolina Woccon Yamasee Florida, Georgia Yazoo Yuchi

Southwest

Acoma Ak Chin Arizona Apachean *Chiricahua *Jicarilla *Mescalero *Navajo (Navaho, Diné) Arizona, New Mexico *Western Apache (Coyotero Apache) Arizona *Apaches Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma Aranama (aka Hanáma, Hanáme, Chaimamé, Charinames, Xaranames, Taranames) Coahuiltecan Texas Cochimi Baja California Cochiti Cocopa Arizona Comecrudo Texas, northern Mexico Cotoname (aka Carrizo de Camargo) Halchidhoma Hano Hualapai Havasupai Arizona Hohokam Arizona Hopi Arizona Isleta Isleta del Sur Jemez Jumano Karankawa Kavelchadhom Keres Laguna Los Luceros Mamulique Texas, northern Mexico Maricopa Mohave Nambe

Pecos Picuris Pima Arizona Pima Bajo Piro Pueblo people New Mexico Qahatika Quechan Arizona Sandia (Nafiat was the name for the Bernalillo pueblo) San Carlos San Felipe San Idelfonso San Juan Santa Ana Santa Clara Santo Domingo Solano Suma Taos Tesuque Tewa Tigua Tamique Toboso Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona Ubate Walapai Yaqui Yavapai (Mojave-Apache) see Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott Tribe Arizona (often confused with Tonto Apache and Mojave) Yuma (Quechan) Zia Zuni

The indigenous peoples of Central and South America are generally classified by language, environment, and cultural similarities.

• Arawak
• *Taino
• *Lucayan
• Carib
• Ciboney
• Kuna

• Aztec
• Alaguilac
• Chalcas
• Coras
• Lenca
• Maya
• **Cruzob (Santa Cruz Maya)
• **Icaiche
• **Itzá
• **Lacandones
• **Mopán
• **Yucatec (Maya proper)
• *Ch'ol
• *Ixil
• *Jacaltec
• *Kaqchikel
• *Kekchi
• *Mam
• *Pocomam
• *Quiché
• *Tojolabales
• *Tzotzil
• *Tzeltal
• *Tz'utujil
• *Xiu
• Mazatec
• Mixtec
• Nahuas
• Olmec
• Otomí
• Pancho Indians
• Pipil
• Tarascan (Purépechas)
• Tepanec
• Tlapanec
• Toltec
• Totonac
• Xinca
• Xochiapulcos
• Xochimilcas
• Zacapoaxtlas
• Zapotec

• Aripes
• Acaxees
• Callejees
• Catujanes
• Chichimeca
• *Caxcan
• *Guachichil
• *Guamares
• *Pame
• *Tecuexe
• *Zacatec
• Conchimíes
• Cucapás
• Guaycunes
• Guaycuras
• Huastec
• Huichol
• Irritila
• Janambre
• Monquis
• Opata
• Pericúes (Pericu)
• Seri
• Tamaholipa
• Tarahumara
• Tepehuanes
• Uchitíes
• Ximpece
• Xiximes

• Atacameño
• Aymara
• Conchucos
• Diaguita
• Inca
• Kogi
• Moche
• Quechua
• Saraguro
• Wanka

Sub-Andean

• Panoan
• Shuar (Jívaro, Jibaro)

• Amahuaca
• Candoshi
• Flecheiro
• Huaorani
• Kanamari
• Korubu
• Kugapakori-Nahua
• Kulina
• Marubo
• Mashco-Piro
• Matis
• Mayoruna
• Sharpas
• Tsohom Djapá
• Tukanoan
• Witoto
• Yaminahua
• Yora

• Arawak
• Caboclos
• Kayapo
• Tapirape
• Tupian
• Yanomami

• Ge
• *Bororo
• Tupian
• *Guarani Paraguay

Southern Cone

• Araucanian (Mapuche)
• Puelche
• Tehuelche
• Yamana
• Kaweshkar
• Selknam

Languages

• For a general discussion, see Indigenous languages of the Americas
• For a grouping of languages by culture area, see .

spanish *Aridoamercan tribes by location[link] spanish *Mesoamercan tribes by location[link]

 

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