Close quarters battle

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Close quarters battle (CQB) or close quarters combat (CQC) refers to fighting methods within buildings, streets, narrow alleys and other places where visibility and maneuverability are limited.

Both CQB and MOUT are related to urban warfare, but while MOUT refers mainly to the macro of it (i.e. sending troops, using of heavy armoured fighting vehicles, battle management), CQB refers to the micro of it—namely: how a small squad of infantry troops should fight in urban environments or other confined spaces in order to achieve its goals with minimal casualties.

As a doctrine, CQB concerns topics such as:

* Weapons and ammunitions most suitable for the mission

* Extra gear, such as breathing apparatus, bulletproof vests and night vision devices

* Accurate explosives/demolitions

* Routines and drills for engaging the enemy, securing a perimeter, clearing a room, etc

* Team maneuvers

* Methods and tactics

* Employment of snipers as a force multiplier

It may include lethal and nonlethal methods across a "spectrum of violence" or within a "continuum of force" as established by rules of engagement. It should be noted that the U.S. Army's definition for these terms is MOUT, as their definition of CQB is actually CQM, and focuses solely on marksmanship techniques.

Military

Military uses of close quarters battle vary by unit type, branch and mission. Military operations other than war (MOOTW) may involve peacekeeping or riot control. Specialized forces such as the U.S. Coast Guard may adapt CQB tactics for the boarding of small vessels at sea. Hostage rescue or extraction by commando troops such as the British Special Air Service, Delta Force or U.S. Navy SEALs may involve even more esoteric adaptations or variations, depending on specialized environments, weapons technology, political considerations or a mixture of friendly, unfriendly or civilian personnel.

Armies that often engage in urban warfare operation may train most of their infantry in basic CQB doctrine as it relates to common tasks such as building entry, "clearing a room" and concussion and other grenades.

Police

Police CQB doctrine is also specialized by unit type and mission. Riot control, corrections and SWAT teams, for example, each have different goals, but may make use of similar tactics and technology such as non-lethal force. A prison, for example, may have a squad which specializes in high-risk cell extractions, and psychiatric hospitals or wards often have similar specialized teams. Among the "less-than-lethal" tools and tactics central to police CQB electroshock guns, pepper spray, riot shields and riot guns to fire tear gas, rubber bullets, plastic bullets or beanbag rounds.

See also

• Combatives
• Commando
• DEVGRU, U.S. Navy maritime counter-terrorist unit
• Hand to hand combat
• Riot control
• Advanced commando combat system
• Sayeret, specialized reconnaissance units in Israeli Defense Forces
• CO19, tactical firearms unit of London Metropolitan Police
• SWAT, Los Angeles Special Weapons and Tactics team
• Swimmer Delivery Vehicle
• Tunnel rat, U.S. forces who fought in tunnels during Vietnam War
• Urban warfare (MOUT, FIBUA, OBUA)

External links

• [Todd Group] — The Todd Group offers training in Close Quarter Battle.
• [ACCS : Advanced Commando Combat System of CQB] — The modern Military CQB system popular with Indian forces.

 

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