Clown beetle
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The clown beetles, traditionally called hister beetles, are a family (Histeridae) of beetles of distinctive appearance; their flattened leg segments recall the baggy or flowing clothes of clowns or actors ("hister" is from the Latin histrio, actor). The 3,900 species of the family are found worldwide.
Clown beetles are small to medium sized. Two general body forms exist within the Histeridae. The more common form is nearly circular and very compact; the other form tends to be longer than wide and somewhat rectangular in shape. Many clown beetles are dark coloured, often black, but they may have red, orange, or yellow markings. There are often grooves in the beetle's underside into which the antennae and legs can be retracted when the beetle feels threatened. Their legs are flat and widened, an adaptation for digging in soil or dung. Such an adaptaion is said to be fossorial.
Clown beetles can usually be found living in dung, carrion, or animal burrows, where both the larvae and adults feed on the juvenile stages of other insects, especially those of flies. In this way clown beetles can be instrumental in controlling certain livestock pests that breed in dung.
Identification
For the Palaearctic fauna, the most up to date work is:Witzgall, K. 1971: Famienreihe Histeroidea. 10. Familie: Histeridae. In Freude, H., Harde, K.W., Lohse, G.A. (Eds.): Die Käfer Mitteleuropas Vol. 3. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 156-189.
External links
Reference
- Peter W. Kovarik and Michael S. Caterino, "Histeridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2001), vol. 1
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