Cocktail
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- For other uses, see Cocktail (disambiguation)}}}.
A cocktail is a style of mixed drink. A cocktail usually contains one or more types of liquor and flavorings, usually one or more of a liqueur, fruit, sauce, honey, milk or cream, spices, etc. The cocktail became popular during Prohibition in the United States primarily to mask the taste of bootlegged alcohol. The bartenders at a speakeasy would mix it with other ingredients, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic.
Until the 1970s, cocktails were made predominantly with gin, whiskey or rum, and less commonly vodka. From the 1970s on, the popularity of vodka increased dramatically. By the 1980s it was the predominant base for mixed drinks. Many cocktails traditionally made with gin, such as the gimlet, or the martini, may now be served by default with vodka.
Non-alcoholic carbonated beverages that are used nearly exclusively in cocktails, or in non-alcoholic soda fountain drinks, such as the egg cream, include soda water, tonic water and seltzer. Liqueurs are also common cocktail ingredients.
History
The earliest known printed use of the word "cocktail," as originally determined by Dr. David Wondrich in October 2005, was from "The Farmer's Cabinet", April 28, 1803, p [2]: '' "11. Drank a glass of coctail--excellent for the head ... Call'd at the Doct's. found Burnham--he looked very wise--drank another glass of cocktail."''
The second earliest and officially recognised known printed use of the word "cocktail" (and the most well-known) was in the May 13 1806 edition of the Balance and Columbian Repository, a publication in Hudson, New York , where the paper provided the following answer to what a cocktail was:
- "Cocktail is a stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters--it is vulgarly called a bittered sling and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head. It is said, also to be of great use to a Democratic candidate: because a person, having swallowed a glass of it, is ready to swallow anything else."
During Prohibition in the United States (1919-1933), when alcohol possession was illegal, cocktails were still consumed in establishments known as speakeasies. Not only was the quality of the alcohol available far lower than was previously used, but the skill and knowledge of the bartenders would also decline significantly during this time.
Etymology
There are several plausible theories as to the origin of the term "cocktail". Among them are:- Colonial taverns kept their spirits (rum, brandy, whiskey, gin, applejack) in casks, and as the liquid in the casks lowered, the spirits would tend to lose both flavor and potency, so the tavern keeper would have an additional cask into which the tailings from the low casks could be combined and sold at a reduced price, the patrons requesting the "cock tailings" or the tailings from the stop cock of the cask. This was H.L. Mencken's belief.
- Cocktails were originally a morning beverage, and the cocktail was the name given as metaphor for the rooster (cocktail) heralding morning light of day, i.e. hair of the dog. This was first posited in 2004 by Ted Haigh in "Vintage Spirits & Forgotten Cocktails".
- Some say that it was customary to put a feather, presumably from a cock's tail, in the drink to serve both as decoration and to signal to teetotalers that the drink contained alcohol.
- Another etymology is that the term is derived from coquetier, a French egg-cup which was used to serve the beverage in New Orleans in the early 19th century.Stanley Clisby Arthur Famous New Orleans Drinks and How to Mix 'Em (Pelican Publishing Company, June 1977), ISBN 0882891324)
- The beverage was named for a mixed breed horse, known as a "cock-tail" as the beverage, like the horse, was neither strictly spirit nor wine - it was a mixed breed.
- The word could also be a distortion of Latin [aqua] decocta, meaning "distilled water".
- Some self-proclaimed cultural historians believe the term "cocktail" to be a reference to gender roles. The combination of the two gender-referring slang terms "cock" (referring to a confident man) and "tail" (referring to a woman worth chasing) titles a category of drinks: cocktail. These drinks are often consumed at evening events (Cocktail Hour) where men and women "meet and mingle."
- The Mandarin name for cocktail is Jī wěi jiǔ (simplified - 鸡尾酒; traditional - 雞尾酒). ji means rooster/chicken/cock, wei means tail and jiu means liquor.
- Non-alcoholic cocktails are referred to as being "Virgin Cocktails", free from the "sin" of alcohol consumption. In India they are also known as "mocktails".
Notes
See also
Derivative uses
The word "cocktail" is sometimes used figuratively for a mixture of liquids or other substances that are not necessarily fit for consumption. For example, the usage of such a word could be as follows: "120 years of industry have dosed the area's soil with a noxious cocktail of heavy metals and chemical contaminants".External links
- [Good Cocktails - Mixed Drink Recipes, Cocktails and a Bartender Guide]
- [Supercocktails]
- [Select Cocktails, Mixed Drinks, and Party Ideas]
- [Boozemixer - Bartender's Guide to Drink Recipes]
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