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Commonwealth Games

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Current flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation
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Current flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation


Locations of the games, and participating countries

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Locations of the games, and participating countries






The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event held every four years involving the elite athletes of the Commonwealth of Nations. The first such event, then known as the British Empire Games, was held in 1930. The name changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, to British Commonwealth Games in 1970 and assumed the current name of the Commonwealth Games in 1978.


As well as many Olympic sports, the Games also include some sports that are played mainly in Commonwealth countries, such as lawn bowls, rugby sevens and netball. There are currently 53 Commonwealth nations and 71 participating teams.


Attendance at the Commonwealth Games is typically around 5,000 athletes, which makes it one of the largest international sporting events in terms of participants.


The four constituent countries of the United Kingdom—England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland—send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games, and individual teams are also sent from the British Crown Dependencies—Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man—and many of the British overseas territories.


Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales.





Contents





Origins

A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British Empire was first proposed by Reverend Astley Cooper in 1891 when he wrote an article in The Times suggesting a "Pan-Britannic-Pan-Anglican Contest and Festival every four years as a means of increasing the goodwill and good understanding of the British Empire". 


In 1911, the Festival of the Empire was held in London to celebrate the coronation of King George V. As part of the festival an Inter-Empire Championships was held in which teams from Australia, Canada, South Africa and the United Kingdom competed in events such as boxing, wrestling, swimming and athletics. 


In 1928, Melville Marks (Bobby) Robinson of Canada was asked to organise the first British Empire Games. These were held in Hamilton, Ontario two years later.



Opening ceremony traditions







Boycotts

The Commonwealth Games, like the Olympic Games, has also suffered from political boycotts.  Nigeria boycotted the 1978 Games in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, and 32 of 59 nations from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean boycotted the 1986 Commonwealth Games due to the Thatcher government's attitude to South African sporting contacts. Boycotts were also threatened in 1974, 1982, and 1990 because of South Africa.



Editions




The Empire Games flag was donated in 1930 by the British Empire Games Association of Canada. The year and location of subsequent games were added until the 1950 games. The name of the event was changed to the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and the flag was retired as a result. 

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The Empire Games flag was donated in 1930 by the British Empire Games Association of Canada. The year and location of subsequent games were added until the 1950 games. The name of the event was changed to the British Empire and Commonwealth Games and the flag was retired as a result. 










British Commonwealth Games seal

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British Commonwealth Games seal










Commonwealth Games Federation seal, adopted in 2001

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Commonwealth Games Federation seal, adopted in 2001








British Empire Games



British Empire and Commonwealth Games



British Commonwealth Games



Commonwealth Games



Commonwealth Games Federation









List of nations/dependencies to compete


Nations/dependencies which have competed





Anguilla 1982, 1998—

    • Antigua and Barbuda 1966–1970, 1978, 1994—

    • Australia 1930—

    • Bahamas 1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990—

    • Bangladesh 1978, 1990—

    • Barbados 1954–1966, 1970–1982, 1990—

    • Belize 1978, 1994—

    • Bermuda 1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990—

    • Botswana 1974, 1982—

  • 20px British Guiana 1930–1938, 1954–1962
  • 20px British Honduras 1962–1966
    • British Virgin Islands 1990—

    • Brunei Darussalam 1958, 1990—

    • Cameroon 1998—

    • Canada 1930—

    • Cayman Islands 1978—

    • Ceylon 1938–1950, 1958–1970

    • Cook Islands 1974–1978, 1986—

    • Cyprus 1978–1982, 1990—

    • Dominica 1958–1962, 1970, 1994—

    • England 1930—

    • Falkland Islands 1982—

    • Fiji 1938, 1954–1986, 1998—

    • The Gambia 1970–1982, 1990—

    • Ghana 1958–1982, 1990—

    • Gibraltar 1958—

  • 20px Gold Coast 1954
    • Grenada 1970–1974, 1994—

    • Guernsey 1970—

    • Guyana 1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990—

    • Hong Kong 1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994

    • India 1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990—

  • 20px Ireland 1930
    • Irish Free State 1934

  • 20px Isle of Man 1958—
    • Jamaica 1934, 1954–1982, 1990—

    • Jersey 1958—

    • Kenya 1954–1982, 1990—

    • Kiribati 1998—

    • Lesotho 1974–

    • Malawi 1970—

    • Malaya 1950, 1958–1962

    • Malaysia 1966–1982, 1990—

    • Maldives 1986—

    • Malta 1958–1962, 1970, 1982—
    		

    Mauritius 1958, 1966–1982, 1990—

    • Montserrat 1994—

    • Mozambique 1998—

    • Namibia 1994—

    • Nauru 1990—

  • 20px Newfoundland 1930–1934
    • New Zealand 1930—

    • Nigeria 1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002—

    • Niue 2002—

    • Norfolk Island 1986—

  • 20px North Borneo 1958–1962
    • Northern Ireland 1934–1938, 1954—

    • Northern Rhodesia 1954

    • Pakistan 1954–1970, 1990—

    • Papua New Guinea 1962–1982, 1990—

  • 20px Penang 1958
    • Rhodesia 1934–1950

    • Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1958–1962

    • St Helena 1982, 1998—

    • St Kitts and Nevis 1978, 1990—

    • Saint Lucia 1962, 1970, 1978, 1994—

    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1958, 1966–1978, 1994—

    • Samoa and Western Samoa 1974—

  • 20px Sarawak 1958–1962
    • Scotland 1930—

    • Seychelles 1990—

    • Sierra Leone 1966–1970, 1978, 1990—

    • Singapore 1958—

    • Solomon Islands 1982, 1990—

    • South Africa 1930–1958, 1994—

  • 20px South Arabia 1966
    • Southern Rhodesia 1954

    • Sri Lanka 1974–1982, 1990—

    • Swaziland 1970—

  • 20px Tanganyika 1962
    • Tanzania 1966–1982, 1990—

    • Tonga 1974, 1982, 1990—

    • Trinidad and Tobago 1934–1982, 1990—

    • Turks and Caicos 1978, 1998—

    • Tuvalu 1998—

    • Uganda 1954–1982,  1990—

    • Vanuatu 1982—

    • Wales 1930—

    • Zambia 1970–1982, 1990—

    • Zimbabwe 1982, 1990–2002

    


    Commonwealth nations/dependencies yet to send teams
    
This list shows the remarkable take-up of participation of Commonwealth nations in the Commonwealth Games. The fact that so few Commonwealth dependencies and nations have yet to take part is evidence of the popularity of the Games in Commonwealth countries.  Indeed, of those nations below, Tokelau is likely to be taking part in 2010 Games in Delhi. Representations have also been made to the CGF for teams to take part in the Commonwealth Games from Cornwall and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.  
    

A recent application by Cornwall (Kernow) for a place in the 2006 Commonwealth Games was refused by the Commonwealth Games Federation. Cornwall is the only home Celtic nation not to be represented in the Commonwealth Games and the Cornwall Commonwealth Games Association is now taking legal action for the right to participate in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India and at future games.  The permanent inhabitants of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are also looking at taking part in future games.
    

These territories may compete in future Games:
    


    Alderney Currently competes as part of the Guernsey team

    • Ascension Island and 
Tristan da Cunha Both are dependencies of St Helena, and play on that territory's team

    • British Indian Ocean Territory/Chagos Islands Chagossians currently in exile, islands occupied by US naval base

    • Christmas Island Currently competes as part of the Australia team

    • Cocos (Keeling) Islands Currently competes as part of the Australia team

    • Cornwall Currently competes as part of the England team (see note at the top of this section)

    • Herm Currently competes as part of the Guernsey team

    • / 20px Kashmir Currently disputed territory between India and Pakistan; many Kashmiri favour political independence

  • 20px Nagaland Currently competes as part of the India team, however Nagaland is seeking cessation from India
    • Nevis Currently competes as part of the St. Kitts-Nevis team, however the Premier of Nevis is keen for Nevis to split from St Kitts

    • Pitcairn Islands Population of fewer than 100 people

    • Sark currently competes as part of the Guernsey team

    • Somaliland currently they are not recognised as an independent nation

    • South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands The small permanent population are looking at taking part possibly by the games in Delhi in 2010.  They do not currently take part (since they are a separate colony to the Falkland Islands)

    • Tokelau probably will compete in Delhi in 2010 since they should have gained self-government by then, and Tokelau already competes in the South Pacific Games

    • Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Government of TRNC not recognised by Commonwealth nations

    • Yemen Yemen has applied to join the Commonwealth, and took part in the Games in 1962 (as Aden) and 1966 (as South Arabia). A Yemeni competitor took part in the 2006 Commonwealth Games for Wales

The following territories have no native populations and thus are not very likely at all to participate in any future Games:

    Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

    • Australian Antarctic Territory

  • 20px British Antarctic Territory
    • Coral Sea Islands Territory

    • Territory of Heard and McDonald Islands

    • Prince Edward Islands

    • Redonda

    • Ross Dependency


    List of sports at the Commonwealth Games
    
The current regulations state that a minimum of ten and no more than fifteen sports must be included in a Commonwealth Games schedule. There is a list of core sports, which must be included, and a further list of approved sports from which the host nation chooses which to include. The host nation may also apply for the inclusion of other team sports to the CGF General Assembly, like the Melbourne organising committee did with Basketball for the 2006 Games.
    

The current core sports consist of athletics, aquatics (swimming, diving and synchronised swimming), lawn bowls, netball (for women) and rugby sevens (for men). These will all remain core sports until at least the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
    

The approved list of sports also includes archery, badminton, billiards and snooker, boxing, canoeing, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, judo, rowing, shooting, squash, table tennis, tennis, tenpin bowling, triathlon, weightlifting, wrestling and sailing. Some of these are often included in the programme, while others, like billiards and sailing, have not yet been approved.
    

There is also a requirement to include some events for Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD). This was introduced in the 2002 Games.
    

15 sports are confirmed for Delhi 2010, but the program is going to change
    

David Dixon Award for the outstanding athelete is introduced from the 2002 Games.
    

Below, the years in brackets show when the sports appeared at the games.
    


    Sports currently included
    


    Events on hiatus
    


    Events which were never held
    


    See also
    

    


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 Commonwealth Games

    
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