Conflict Tactics Scale
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The Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) is a widely used method of identifying intimate partners maltreatment, with a version for the identifying of child maltreatment. It has been used in national surveys on the prevalence of family violence in the USA and other countries. These include the two National Family Violence Surveys (Straus & Gelles, 1990), the National Violence Against Women Survey (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000), and the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. By 2005 about 600 research papers and at least ten books reporting results based on the CTS were published.
Langhinrichsen-Rohling (2005) in The Journal of Interpersonal Violence (20th anniversary commemorative issue) states:
- In 1979. Straus created a measure, the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) which lit a fire to the domestic violence field. The CTS was revolutionary because it allowed researchers to quantitatively study events that had often been ignored culturally and typically took place in private.
- physical assault
- psychological aggression
- negotiation
The CTSPC (parent-child relationships) has scales to measure;
- physical assault (with subscales for corporal punishment and physical abuse)
- psychological aggression
- non-violent discipline techniques
The scales are based on the premise that conflict is an inevitable and valuable aspect of all human association with the use of coercion, including force and violence as a tactic for resolving conflicts being harmful.
The CTS focuses on "conflict tactics" - the method used to advance one's own interest.
The CTS is oriented towards behaviours, not attitudes and seeks to measures the behavior of both the respondent and their partner.
Administration of the CTS can be by in-person interview, telephone interview, self-administered questionnaire, and computer-administered questionnaire.
Controversy
The designers of the CTS see the most frequent and severe criticism of the CTS reflecting ideological differences rather than empirical evidence.- … many feminist scholars reject the CTS because studies using this instrument find that about the same percentage of women as men assault their partners. This contradicts the feminist theory that partner violence is almost exclusively committed by men as a means to dominate women, and is therefore prima facie evidence that the CTS is not valid. [link]
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale
The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) ( Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, and Sugarman, 1996) doubled the number of items, it was expanded to measure psychological and sexual abuse, in addition to physical attacks in an intimate relationship and included a variety of conflict responses.References
- Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2005). Top 10 greatest "hits" important findings and future directions for intimate partner violence research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 108-118.
- Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1990). Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publications.
- Straus, M.A., Hamby, S.L., Boney-McCoy, S., Sugarman, D.B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3): 283-316.
- Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the national violence against women survey (No. NCJ 183781). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
See also
External links
- [The Conflict Tactics Scales CTS44]
- [Murray A. Straus]
- [Michael Flood, Claims about Husband Battering at XYonline] an example of the response to the Conflict Tactics Scale
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