Cosimo de' Medici
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Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (September 27, 1389 – August 1, 1464), was the first of the Medici political dynasty, rulers of Florence during most of the Italian Renaissance; also known as "Cosimo 'the Elder'" and "Cosimo Pater Patriae."
Biography
Cosimo was born in Florence.He inherited both his wealth and his flair for business from his father Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, a banker. In 1433 Cosimo was exiled from Florence by Rinaldo degli Albizzi, but public opinion soon changed, and he returned in 1434, to greatly influence the government of Florence and to lead by example for the rest of his long life. Cosimo's time in exile instilled in him the need to quash the factionalism that resulted in his exile in the first place. In order to do this, Cosimo, with the help of favourable priors in the Signoria, instigated a series of constitutional changes to secure his power through influence.
In the political sphere, Cosimo worked to create peace in Northern Italy through the creation of a balance of power between Florence, Naples, Venice and Milan during the wars in Lombardy, and discouraging outside powers (notably the French and the Holy Roman Empire) from interfering.
Cosimo was also noted for his patronage of culture and the arts, liberally spending the family fortune (which his astute business sense considerably increased) to enrich Florence. He also hired the young Michelozzo Michelozzi to create what is today perhaps the prototypical Florentine palazzo, the austere and magnificent Palazzo Medici. He was a patron and confidante of Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, and Donatello, whose famed David and Judith Slaying Holofernes were Medici commissions. His patronage enabled the eccentric and bankrupt architect Brunelleschi to complete the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, and the dome was perhaps his crowning achievement as sponsor.
On his death in 1464 at Careggi, Cosimo was succeeded by his son Piero 'the Gouty', father of Lorenzo the Magnificent. After his death the Signoria awarded him the title Pater Patriae, "Father of his Country," an honor once awarded to Cicero, and had it carved upon his tomb Church of San Lorenzo.
Cosimo's relation with the popes
In the Constance Concilium Cosimo through his older son, Lorenzo de' Medici tried the political survival of the cismatic pope John XXIII by trying to influence the decisions of the Concilium in favour of John XXIII. It can be considered a fact or as other historians claim that Lorenzo de' Medici did not have such an important roll but he was travelling throught northern Europe meeting not only his bank partners but also most of the noble families with whom the Medici Family whould have in the future very strong ties namely with the french nobles making possible the marriage of Catherine de' Medici with the future Henry II of France.
Further reading
- Francesco Guerrieri, Patrizia Fabbri, (photography Stefano Giraldi), "Palaces of Florence" (Rizzoli, 1996), for the Palazzo Medici
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