Crafoord Prize

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The Crafoord Prize was established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, the inventor of the artificial kidney, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the aim of the prize is to reward and promote basic research in scientific disciplines that fall outside the categories of the Nobel Prize. These fields include mathematics, geoscience, bioscience (particularly in relation to ecology and evolution), and astronomy.

Only one award is given each year. The prize is currently US$500,000 and is intended to fund further research by the prize winner.

List of the Crafoord Prize winners:

1982 Mathematics: V. I. Arnold and L. Nirenberg
1983 Geoscience: E. N. Lorenz
1984 Bioscience: Daniel H. Janzen
1985 Astronomy: L. Spitzer, Jr.
1986 Geoscience: C. J. Allegre and G. J. Wasserburg
1987 Bioscience: E. P. and H. T. Odum
1988 Mathematics: P. Deligne (the prize was offered jointly with A. Grothendieck, who declined it)
1989 Astronomy: J. Van Allen
1990 Bioscience: P. R. Ehrlich and E. O. Wilson
1991 Astronomy: A. R. Sandage
1992 Bioscience: A. Seilacher
1993 Bioscience: W. D. Hamilton and Seymour Benzer
1994 Mathematics: S. Donaldson and S-T. Yau
1995 Geoscience: Willi Dansgaard and N. Shackleton
1996 Bioscience: Robert May
1997 Astronomy: F. Hoyle and E. E. Salpeter
1998 Geoscience: D. L. Anderson and A. M. Dziewonski
1999 Bioscience: E. Mayr, J. Maynard Smith, and G. C. Williams
2000 Bioscience: M. Feldmann and R. N. Maini
2001 Mathematics: A. Connes
2002 Geoscience: D. P. McKenzie
2003 Bioscience: C. R. Woese
2004 Polyarthritis: Eugene Butcher and Timothy Springer
2005 Astronomy: James Gunn, James Peebles, and Martin Rees

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