Crown Prince
Encyclopedia : C : CR : CRO : Crown Prince
- Crown Princess redirects here, for the ship, see Crown Princess (ship).
In Europe, lineal succession conventions (see for example Salic Law) usually dictate that the eldest child (as in Sweden, Belgium, Norway and the Netherlands) or the eldest son of the current monarch (United Kingdom, Spain, Denmark etc) fills this role, but in Arab monarchies, for example, succession rules may differ and a Crown Prince may gain the title on merit, or because someone is not seen as a threat to the reign of the current monarch; in such cases a person granted the title may also lose it, with it being granted to another member of the Royal Family.
Compare Heir Apparent and Heir Presumptive.
It should however be noted that, although it is often used as a generic term for heir apparent, it is often not an official title in the European monarchies. Currently, only the heirs apparent to the Scandinavian monarchies officially bear the title, while the heir presumptive normally would be titled Hereditary Prince.
Christian/western traditional titles
Many monarchies use(d) special titles:- Dauphin (the kingdom of France), originally not unique but an alternative comital title in chief of the Dauphiné region
- Diadochos in the kingdom of the Hellenes (post-Ottoman Greece; see also below)
- Prince Imperial (Napoleon III's France), also in the (de facto French protectorate) Habsburg empire of Mexico
- Prince Royal under the French July Monarchy
- Tsesarevich (Russia)
- Prince of Asturias (used in the former kingdom of Castile, also maintained after the unification under one dynasty in the present kingdom Spain)
- Prince of Gerona (Aragon, Spain)
- Prince of Piedmont/Naples (Kingdom of Sardinia)
- Prince of Viana (Kingdom of Navarre)
- Duke of Braganza, Prince of Beira and/or Prince of Brazil (titles of the Portuguese heir after 1640)
- Prince of Orange (House of Orange-Nassau) (The Netherlands)
- Prince de Venise 'Prince of Venice', see Prince Eugène de Beauharnais- for the Heir Presumptive to Napoleon I in his kingdom of Italy.
- Duke of Brabant (kingdom of Belgium)
- Duke of Calabria (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Duke of Sparta (Kingdom of the Hellenes), the aforementioned Diadochos
- Prince of Wales (England, Great Britain, United Kingdom)
- Duke of Cornwall (England, Great Britain, United Kingdom)
- Duke of Rothesay (Scotland, Great Britain, United Kingdom)
Other Specific traditions
In Islamic cultures:- al-Amir as-Sa'id 'Blessed Prince' (Egypt annex the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
- In Persia, under the Qajar dynasty, the full style was Vala Hazrat-i-Humayun Vali Ahad, Shahzada (given name) Mirza, i.e His August Imperial Highness the Heir Apparent, Prince ...;
- the above component vali ahad meaning 'successor by virtue of a covenant' (or various forms and etymological derivations) was adopted by many oriental monarchies, even some non-Muslim, e.g. Walet as alternative title for the Nepali (Hindu!) royal Heir Apparent, first used Crown Prince Trailokya in the middle of the nineteenth century and taken from the Mughal title 'Vali Ahad'
- Yuvaraja was part of the fullin many princely states of India, e.g.
- *in Kashmir, the Heir Apparent was styled Maharaj Kumar Shri Yuvaraj (personal name) Singhji Bahadur
- Tika
- in Nepal, where the King has the rank of Maharajadhiraja:
- *the Heir Apparent: Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Yuvarajadhiraj ('Young King of Kings', i.e. Crown Prince) (personal name) Bir Bikram Shah Deva;
- *the eldest son of The Heir Apparent: Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Nava Yuvaraj ('Young Crown Prince') (personal name) Bir Bikram Shah Deva
- Siam makutrajakuman(สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร) Thailand
- Huang Taizi (皇太子) (Imperial China) if a son; Huang Taisun (皇太孫) if a grandson of the reigning Emperor
- Hwangtaeja (皇太子) (Imperial Korea)
- Kōtaishi (皇太子) (Japan), if the Emperor's son; kōtaison (皇太孫) if a grandson
- Thái tử (太子) (Imperial Vietnam until 1945) was the term used by past dynasties for their Crown princes. Normally, a crown prince was also bestowed with other titles depending on the grace of the ruler.
- Jaguar Prince (Mesoamerica)
See also
- Caesar (since the tetrarchy) and Consors imperii
- Princeps iuventutis
- Prince of the blood
- "Crown Prince Party" of the People's Republic of China
Sources and references
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