Cyperus
Encyclopedia : C : CY : CYP : Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 600 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions. They are annual or perennial aquatic plants, growing in still or slow-moving water up to 0.5 m deep. The species vary greatly in size, with small species only 5 cm tall, while others can reach 5 m tall. The stems are circular in cross-section in some, triangular in others, usually leafless for most of their length, with the slender grass-like leaves at the base of the plant, and in a whorl at the apex of the flowering stems. The flowers are greenish, and wind pollinated; they are produced in clusters among the apical leaves. The seed is a small nutlet.
- Selected species
- Cyperus albostriatus - Dwarf Umbrella-sedge
- Cyperus alopecuroides
- Cyperus alternifolius - Umbrella Papyrus
- Cyperus compressus
- Cyperus congestus - Dense Flatsedge
- Cyperus cyperoides
- Cyperus distachyos
- Cyperus dives
- Cyperus eragrostis - Tall Flatsedge
- Cyperus erythrorrhizos
- Cyperus esculentus - Chufa or Tigernut
- Cyperus fertilis
- Cyperus flavescens - Yellow Galingale
- Cyperus fuscus - Brown Galingale
- Cyperus giganteus
- Cyperus haspan
- Cyperus involucratus
- Cyperus longus - Galingale
- Cyperus papyrus - Papyrus
- Cyperus prolifer - Dwarf Papyrus
- Cyperus rotundus - Nutgrass
- Cyperus serotinus
- Cyperus umbilensis
- Cyperus virens
Uses
The Papyrus Sedge C. papyrus of Africa was of major historical importance in providing papyrus. The Chufa C. esculentus, native to India, has edible tubers and is grown for these; several other species are eaten to a smaller extent. Cañita, C. giganteus, is used by the Chontal people of Tabasco, Mexico for weaving sleeping mats and sombreros. Few other species are of economic value, though some are grown as ornamental plants. Interest in the larger, fast-growing species as biomass crops for paper and fuel production is however emerging.
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