Cyrano de Bergerac
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Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac (March 6, 1619 – July 28, 1655) was a French dramatist born in Paris, who is now best remembered for the many works of fiction which have been woven around his life story, most notably the play by Edmond Rostand which bears his name (see Cyrano de Bergerac (play)). In those fictional works he is featured with an overly large nose.
Life and works
Cyrano was born into an old Parisian family and spent much of his childhood in Saint-Forget (now Yvelines). He went to school in Paris and spent his adult life there when he was not on campaign. He was not, therefore, a Gascon, but many of his fellow-soldiers would have been. The myth of his Gascon origins may even have been cultivated by him during his lifetime, since the swash-buckling manners of the Gascon soldiers were much admired in his day. The real Cyrano de Bergerac had, in real life, very little in common with the hero of the Rostand play.Though not as famous as classical writers of this time, Cyrano de Bergerac was a successful writer in his time, Molière even borrowing his most famous part, the scene of the galley, from Cyrano's work Le Pédant Joué. His most prominent work is now published under the title 'Other Worlds' and is a collection of stories describing his fictional journeys to the Moon and Sun. The methods of space travel he describes are inventive and often ingenious, detailing ideas often broadly original and sometimes rooted in science. Cyrano rests alongside such minds as Kepler and Jules Verne under the genre of 'scientific travel fiction'. In his time, de Bergerac was a popular poet; however, his abilities were much exaggerated by Rostand in his dramatic work. Cyrano was expert, however, in the art of dueling, whether from a touchy disposition or because of the many gibes to which he was subject on account of his appearance is uncertain. The real Cyrano did not have an exceptionally big nose, but that has become the prominent feature in all fictive versions of his life. It may have been Cyrano's homosexuality, evident in various episodes in 'Other Worlds', that forced him to defend himself against continual attacks.[link]
No Roxane has been discovered in his life, but he did fight at the siege of Arras (1640), which should not be confused with the more famous final Battle of Arras (1654), and the historical Baron of Neuvillette, who was in fact married to Cyrano's cousin, did die in this fight.
Cyrano was a free thinker, although he was a pupil of Pierre Gassendi, a Canon of the Catholic Church, albeit one who tried to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity. Cyrano had the insistence on reason that was not common until the following century, and he would have been very much at home in the Enlightenment. This, of course, did not fit well in a period in which the Church and the State were supreme, and when even the laws of art were the rules of Aristotle.
He died in Sannois in 1655, at the age of 36.
Cyrano de Bergerac in fiction, film, theater, and opera
In 1897, the French poet Edmond Rostand published a play, Cyrano de Bergerac, on the subject of Cyrano's life. This play, by far Rostand's most successful work, concentrates on Cyrano's love for the beautiful Roxane, whom he is obliged to woo on behalf of a more conventionally handsome, but less articulate, friend, Christian de Neuvillette, with whom she already is in love.The play has been translated and performed many times. It has been the subject of several films, including a 1950 film starring José Ferrer (for which he won an Academy Award), a 1990 French-language version starring Gérard Depardieu, and a 1987 comedic Hollywood version, Roxanne, starring Steve Martin. A Japanese samurai version, Samurai Saga (1959), was directed by Hiroshi Inagaki and starred Toshiro Mifune.
Operatic Adaptations: Victor Herbert(1859-1924) libretto by H.B. Smith & S. Reed in 1899 in New York City; Walter Damrosch (1862-1950) libretto by W.J. Henderson performed at the NY Metropolitan Opera in 1913; Franco Alfano libretto by Henri Cain first shown in 1936 revived at the NY Metropolitan Opera in 2005-06 with Plácido Domingo as Cyrano. Eino Tamberg (b. Tallinn, Estonia, 27 May 1930) libretto by J. Kross performed at the Estonia Theatre, Tallinn, 1976.
A fictionalized version of Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac is one of the main characters in Philip José Farmer's Riverworld novels.
Trivia
- The Swedish socialist leader Ture Nerman wrote a biography about Cyrano de Bergerac.
See also
- Cyrano de Bergerac (play)
- Cyrano de Bergerac (movie)
- Asteroid 3582 Cyrano, named after de Bergerac.
External links
- [Brief biography at Kirjasto (Pegasos)]
- [Free eBook: Cyrano de Bergerac] at Project Gutenberg—English language edition.
- [Free eBook: Cyrano de Bergerac] at Project Gutenberg—French language edition.
- [Discussion of themes and characters in "Cyrano de Bergerac".]
- [The Other World: Society and Government of the Moon]—annotated English language edition
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