Dangerous Liaisons
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Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 film directed by Stephen Frears. It is based upon a play by Christopher Hampton which in turn is based on the classic eighteenth-century novel Les Liaisons dangereuses, by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos.
Production highlights
Dangerous Liaisons was Frears' first production in the United States, and his eighth feature film. With seven Academy Award nominations, it was a very successful Hollywood debut.The film features widely acclaimed performances by Glenn Close, John Malkovich and Michelle Pfeiffer in the roles of the three major characters from Laclos' novel, the Marquise de Merteuil, the Vicomte de Valmont and Madame de Tourvel, respectively; Keanu Reeves, Uma Thurman and Swoosie Kurtz also appear in supporting roles.
The movie was shot entirely on location in historical buildings of the French regions of Île-de-France and Picardie such as, among others, the famous Château de Vincennes. It was co-produced by Christopher Hampton, who also wrote the screenplay based on his adaptation of Laclos' novel for the stage.
The original score was written by George Fenton. The soundtrack also included masterpieces of baroque and classical music, most notably works from Vivaldi, Bach, Handel and Gluck.
The film, whose characters speak American English, strives for an authentic French sensibility: conversations are hushed, almost whispered, in an effort to evoke the grace and reserve of eighteenth-century nobility.
Awards
Dangerous Liaisons was nominated in 1989 for seven Academy Awards:- Best Picture
- Best Original Score (George Fenton)
- Best Actress in a Leading Role (Glenn Close)
- Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Michelle Pfeiffer)
- Best Adapted Screenplay (Christopher Hampton)
- Best Costume Design (James Acheson)
- Best Art Direction (Stuart Craig, Gérard James).
The film won two out of ten BAFTA Awards nominations, for Pfeiffer and Hampton. The writer was also awarded by the London Critics Circle and the Writers Guild of America. Philippe Rousselot's cinematography was nominated by the American and by the British Society of Cinematographers, losing both awards.
The Film
The plot
The Marquise de Merteuil (Glenn Close) calls on her partner, the Vicomte de Valmont (John Malkovich), to seduce the young daughter of her cousin, Madame de Volange (Swoosie Kurtz), thus having revenge on a former lover, the man to whom young Cecile de Volange (Uma Thurman) is promised in marriage. At first, Valmont refuses her proposition: he wants to seduce the prudish Madame de Tourvel (Michelle Pfeiffer), who is spending time at his aunt's house while her husband is abroad.Upon discovering that Madame de Volanges had been secretly writing to Madame de Tourvel to warn her against his evil nature, Valmont changes his mind and decides to follow Merteuil's scheme. They take advantage of the fact that young Cecile is in love with her music teacher, the Chevalier Danceny (Keanu Reeves), who does not qualify in the eyes of her mother as a potential suitor.
At his aunt's, Valmont easily seduces Cecile. She later becomes pregnant with Valmont's child, but suffers a miscarriage, avoiding a scandal. Valmont meanwhile steadily targets his main prey, Madame de Tourvel, who though realizing the prey she has become eventually gives in to his tireless advances.
The Marquise had promised the Vicomte a night in her company should he be successful. Nevertheless, she refuses to grant him his prize unless he breaks off with Tourvel completely, threatening to spoil his reputation as a debaucher. Valmont heeds to her request and leaves Tourvel, who thus becomes fatally ill.
Valmont goes back to Merteuil, who in the meantime had taken Chevalier Danceny as lover, and demands the immediate fulfillment of her promise. The Marquise refuses, and they declare war.
The Marquise reveals to Danceny that Valmont had seduced Cecile. The Chevalier and the Vicomte duel, and the latter is severely wounded. Before he dies, he asks his rival to visit Tourvel and assure her of his love, and hands him a collection of letters from Merteuil.
After hearing Valmont's message from Danceny, Madame de Tourvel expires. The Chevalier publishes Merteuil's letters, and the Marquise is booed and disgraced by the audience at the opera.
The Adaptation
Les Liaisons dangereuses is an epistolary novel, i.e., a novel that is entirely composed of letters. Through the messages sent by its characters, the reader is informed not only of events and situations, but also of Valmont's and Merteuil's innermost thoughts and wishes. This may pose a few problems for stage adaptation, since a large portion of the original material consists not of action, but of perceptions and feelings.Hampton's play and screenplay follow the plot of the novel very closely, and are generally considered prime adaptations of Laclos' work. One remarkable difference lies in the fact that the film internalises and perhaps somewhat softens the final fate of the Marquise de Merteuil. In the book, she contracts a very painful disease and loses one eye after her letters to Valmont have been published. In the movie, she is ostracized by her peers at the opera, but her ultimate destiny is left undetermined. Her downfall become less physical and more mental and emotional.
It has been argued that the dynamics required by stage and film action have rendered the villains less capable of drawing the sympathy of the audience, since their inner motivations are not as clearly depicted as they are in their letters. Although still a very cruel person in the book, Valmont, for instance, is supposed to show a rather more violent nature in the movie.
Memorable scenes
The Opening Scene: The opening scene shows Merteuil's and Valmont's boudoir arrangements for aristocratic social life. After an ordeal of corsets, wigs, laces, drapes and hair spraying, the protagonists admire their images in the mirror. Glenn Close and John Malkovich look directly into the camera: this hints at the notion that the Marquise and the Vicomte are reflections of each other. |
Merteuil's Cynicism: Discovering the correspondence between her daughter and the Chevalier Danceny, Madame de Volanges writes her friend the Marquise asking her to come and talk with Cecile so as to "prevent the worst". In fact, Merteuil had played an active part in bringing the two lovers together. This scene shows Merteuil as she drops from her carriage for the rescuing visit: Frears' camera catches Glenn Close's cynical smile below her hat just before she explodes in an outburst of faked sympathy towards Volanges' motherly concerns. |
The Downfall of Aristocracy: In the last sequence, Merteuil silently removes her makeup after being booed out of the opera. The image fades out with her still working at her face, dropping a couple of tears from time to time. This scene is a reverse of the opening scene: in both the Marquise looks in the mirror, but her reactions to what she sees are exactly the opposite. The sequence is usually taken to be a representation of public exposure: the Marquise's evil nature had been revealed through her letters, forcing her thus to "remove the mask". It is also interpreted as a symbol of the imminent downfall of aristocracy and of the Ancient Regime, since the novel takes place shortly before the French Revolution. |
Other adaptations
Just one year after Dangerous Liaisons, Miloš Forman's vision of Laclos' novel was also released. Valmont had a screenplay by French writer and critic Jean-Claude Carrière and starred Annette Benning and Colin Firth in the leading roles.An opera, written in 1994, revised 1996-1997, by Conrad Susa.
In 1999, Roger Kumble directed a more modern adaptation of the novel, released under the title Cruel Intentions. Curiously enough, Swoosie Kurtz, who played Madame de Volanges in Frears' movie, also stars in this version.
A French adaptation, Les Liaisons dangereuses (1959) was directed by Roger Vadim. This version stars Jeanne Moreau, Gérard Philipe, and Annette Vadim, and updates the story to a late-1950s French bourgeois milieu.
In 2003, Lee Je Yong directed a Korean adaptation, Untold Scandal (스캔들 - 조선남녀상열지사). This version stars Lee Mik Suk, Jeon Do Yeon, and Bae Yong Joon, and transposes the novel to eighteenth-century Korea.
In 2005, New York City gay porn production company Lucas Entertainment released an adult version of the film, "Michael Lucas' Dangerous Liaisons," featuring celebrity cameos by from RuPaul, Boy George, Graham Norton, Bruce Vilanch, and Michael Musto.
External links
- The Washington Post Reviews: [Hal Hinson], [Desson Howe].
- The Chicago Sun-Times Review: [Roger Ebert]
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