Death Valley
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Death Valley is a valley in the U.S. state of California. Located southeast of the Sierra Nevada range in the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert, it comprises much of Death Valley National Park. It runs north-south between the Amargosa Range to the east and the Panamint Range to the west; the Sylvania Mountains and the Owlshead Mountains form its northern and southern boundaries, respectively.
Death Valley is considered geologically one of the best examples of the Basin and Range configuration. It is the principal feature of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve. The highest point in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney, is just 76 miles (123 km) west of Death Valley.
Temperatures in the Valley can range from up to 130°F (54 °C) in the day in the summer, to below freezing at night in the winter.
Geography
Badwater in Death Valley is the lowest point in North America, at 282 feet (86 m) below sea level. Generally, the lower the altitude of a place, the higher the temperatures tend to be. This is especially the case there due to the mountains that encircle the valley. The valley radiates extreme amounts of heat, creating temperatures that are among the hottest on earth. The hottest temperature recorded in the U.S., and the second hottest in the world, was 134 °F (56.7 °C) at Greenland Ranch (now Furnace Creek Ranch) on July 10, 1913. The highest average high temperature in July is 116 °F (47 °C) with temperatures of 120 °F (49 °C) or higher being very common. The valley receives less than 2 in (50 mm) of rain annually. The Amargosa River and Furnace Creek flow through the valley, disappearing into the sands of the valley floor.
While there is very little rain in Death Valley, the valley is prone to flooding during heavy rains because the soil is unable to absorb the bulk of the water. The runoff can produce dangerous flash floods. In August 2004, such flooding occurred, causing two deaths and shutting down the national park.
During the late Pleistocene, the valley was inundated by prehistoric Lake Manly. The valley received its name in 1849 during the California gold rush by emigrants who sought to cross the valley on their way to the gold fields. During the 1850s, gold and silver were extracted in the valley. In the 1880s, borax was discovered and extracted by mule-drawn wagons.
Native population
Death Valley is home to the Timbisha tribe, who have inhabited the valley for at least the past 1000 years. Some families still live in the valley at Furnace Creek. The name of the valley, tümpisa, means 'rock paint' and refers to the valley as a source of red ochre paint. Another village in the valley was located in Grapevine Canyon near the present site of Scotty's Castle. It was called maahunu in the Timbisha language, the meaning of which is uncertain although hunu means 'canyon'.See also
References
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