Dendrobium

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Dendrobium Swartz is a large genus of tropical orchids that consists of about 1200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout Asia, the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron (meaning tree) and bios (meaning life).

The species are either epiphytic, growing on a tree, or occasionally lithophytic, growing over a rock. They have adapted to a wide variety of habitats, from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.

The orchids in this genus often develop pseudobulbs, which unite into a long reedlike stem with a typical length of more than 30 cm. Some appear densely covered with short white hairs. The short, ovate leaves grow alternately over the whole length of the stems. The axillary flower buds develop into short flower stalks with one or two terminal flowers. The orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a long rest during winter. In the spring, new shoots are formed from the base of the main plant and the dormant buds come back into action. The blooming flowers are found on pseudobulbs formed in the previous year.

Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and hybrids, such as the Dendrobium nobile varieties, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original flower from the Himalayas.

Kimilsungia, one of the national flowers of North Korea, is the cultivar Dendrobium 'Kim il Sung'.

Taxonomical Work

Recent taxonomical work created a new genus, Dockrillia to represent all terete leaved Dendrobiums. Several Australian species complex, for example, D. speciosum and D. tetragonum has also been reclassified into new species.

The sole New Zealand representive, Dendrobium cunninghamii has now been moved into a monotypic genus, Winika.

Species with a common name

• Dendrobium aduncum : Angelfish Orchid
• Dendrobium aemulum : Ironbark Orchid
• Dendrobium antennatum : Antelope Orchid (Also: Ceratobium antennatum)
• Dendrobium aurantiroseum Aunty Rosie
• Dendrobium beckleri : Pencil Orchid
• Dendrobium canaliculatum : Teatree Orchid
• Dendrobium chrysotoxum : Fried-egg Orchid
• Dendrobium crassilabium P.J.Spence (Papua New Guinea.)
• Dendrobium crumenatum : Dove Orchid, Pigeon Orchid, Sparrow Orchid
• Dendrobium cucumerinum : Cucumber Orchid
• Dendrobium cunninghamii : Winika (its Maori name)
• Dendrobium densiflorum : Pineapple Orchid
• Dendrobium discolor : Golden Orchid
• Dendrobium ephemerum : Small white Orchid
• Dendrobium falcarostrum : Beech Orchid
• Dendrobium farinatum Schildh. & Schraut (Vietnam)
• Dendrobium finisterrae Schltr. 1912 : The End of the World Orchid (Papua New Guinea)
• Dendrobium gouldii (light coloured) : Guadalcanal Gold
• Dendrobium gouldii (blue form) : Florida Blue
• Dendrobium goldiei Rchb.f.
• *Dendrobium goldiei var. karthausianum Rolfe (Germany)
• Dendrobium gracilicaule : Leopard Orchid

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