Diarchy

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Diarchy (or dyarchy) is a society or an organization with two rulers on an equal standing. Diarchies are known from ancient Sparta, Rome, Carthage as well as from Germanic (see Germanic king),India and Dacian tribes. Ranks in the Inca Empire were structured in moieties, with two occupants of each rank, but with different prestige, one hanan (upper) and one hurin (lower).

Examples of modern forms are the governments of Andorra and San Marino.

Examples of English rulers

Hengest and Horsa
Ethelred of Wessex and Alfred the Great
William III and Mary II ruled jointly in England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 to 1694

Examples of Diarchies

India

(see Montagu-Chelmsford reforms)

Examples of Swedish kings

Erik and Alrik
Yngvi and Alf
Björn at Hauge and Anund Uppsale
Eric the Victorious and Olof (II) Björnsson
Eric the Victorious and Olof Skötkonung
Haakon the Red and Ingold I

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