Dohány Street Synagogue
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The Dohány Street Synagogue or Great Synagogue (Dohány utcai Zsinagóga/Nagy Zsinagóga) in Budapest is the largest synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the world, after the Temple Emanu-El in New York City. It has seating for 3000 people and is a centre of Neolog Judaism.
The synagogue has a length of 75m and a width of 27mFojimovics, Kinga; Komoróczy, Géza; Pusztai, Viktória and Strbik, Andrea (1999). Jewish Budapest: Memories, Rites, History. Central European University Press. ISBN 9639116378, p. 111. and was built between 1854 and 1859 in Moorish-style, based chiefly on Moslem models from North Africa and Spain (the Alhambra),Mendelsohn, Ezra (2002). Painting a People: Maurycy Gottlieb and Jewish Art. UPNE. ISBN 1584651792, p. 90. according to a plan by Ludwig Förster, with interior design partly by Frigyes Feszl.
Franz Liszt and Camille Saint-Saëns played the organ there.Perlman, Robert (1991). Bridging Three Worlds: Hungarian-Jewish Americans, 1848-1914. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0870234684, p. 72.
The original synagogue was bombed by the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party on 3 February, 1939Frank, Tobor (2003). Discussing Hitler: Advisors of U.S. Diplomacy in Central Europe 1934-1941. Central European University Press. ISBN 9639241563, p. 225. and was used as a base for German Radio and as a stable during World War II.
A three-year program of reconstruction (funded largely by a donation of US$5 million from Estée Lauder)Mars, Leonard (2003). Jewish Identity in Contemporary Hungary. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 48(1-2), 35-48. was completed in 1996.Troen, Selwyn (1998). Jewish Centers and Peripheries: Europe Between America and Israel Fifty Years After World War II. Transaction Publishers, ISBN 1560003731, p. 135.
The square in front of the synagogue is named after Theodor Herzl, who was born in a house near the location in 1860. The Jewish Religious and Historical Collection adjoins the synagogue.
The Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (memory park) in the rear courtyard holds the Memorial of the Hungarian Jewish Martyrs (600,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by the Nazis) together with a memorial to Wallenberg and other Righteous Among the Nations, such as Swiss Vice-consul Carl Lutz, who saved tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War II.
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