Doniphan, Missouri
Encyclopedia : D : DO : DON : Doniphan, Missouri
Doniphan is a city in Ripley County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,932 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Ripley County[Geographic references#6GR6].
Geography
Doniphan is located at (36.622106, -90.822179)[Geographic references#1GR1].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 km² (1.4 mi²), all land.
The area that became Doniphan was permanently settled as early as some time in the mid-1820's when Lemuel Kittrell and wife Elizabeth Waugh Kittrell homesteaded on a bluff above the east bank of Current River near the site of a French trader's cabin. Lemuel Kittrell had been born in Kentucky in 1805, arriving in what was then Wayne County, Missouri in 1819 with at least two brothers and one sister, children of the early larger Wayne County (before reduction through county creation including Ripley County itself in 1833), Missouri pioneers Samuel and Nelly Shamwell Kittrell, who had married in Granville County, North Carolina, and with their baby daughter headed west to Christian County, Kentucky and then on to Missouri. Lemuel Kittrell soon built a grist and wood carding mill near his home and attracted additional settlers to the region. By 1841, a sizable village had grown near the Kittrell home. The village became a regular stop on the Butterfield Stage Line and was on the St. Louis to Little Rock Highway. In addition to the mill, the village boasted of an inn, store, distillery, produce warehouse, tannery, justice of the peace and notary office, blacksmith and gunsmith. A school was nearby.
On the hills above lovely Current River, Doniphan was founded and became the county seat of Ripley County in 1847. George Lee gave 50 acres (200,000 m²) for the town and named it for Mexican War Colonel Alexander W. Doniphan. Except for the mill, all of the businesses at Kittrell's Mill moved to the new town and were joined by several additional stores and businesses. Churches, too, were added. Doniphan became the regional center of commerce. By 1860 there were plans to extend the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad from Pilot Knob to Doniphan. The Civil War changed those plans.
Most residents of Ripley County, as well as the surrounding counties, were Southern in belief. Several Confederate regiments were formed in the county and one, the 15th Missouri Cavalry Regiment, CSA, was based at Doniphan. Because three major north-south highways passed through Ripley County, fighting was practically constant during the war.
In the war, brutal guerilla bands overran the county and in September 1864, Doniphan was burned by Union troops as Confederate General Sterling Price's army was moving into Ripley County from Arkansas. Devastated by the war, Doniphan grew with the coming of a branch of the Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1883. The railroad provided a means to market the thousands upon thousands of acres of virgin timber surrounding Doniphan, native yellow pine logs, hauled to Current River and floated to Doniphan in enormous log drives. A log boom at Doniphan retrieved the logs, which were milled and finished, then shipped to market. Hardwood logs were normally hewed into crossties, then collected on the riverbank and moved to Doniphan by long tie rafts. During the early 1900's, Doniphan was the center of a leading railroad tie producing area in the U.S. At the peak, the Missouri Tie and Lumber Co. cut some 35,000,000 feet (11 km) of logs a year in northwest Ripley County. After 1905, the denuded land was uncared for until made a part of the Clark National Forest in the 1930's when it was put under a program of reforestation.
As other land was cleared by loggers, farmers moved in. Many orchards were planted, some very large. Elberta peaches were the major fruit crop, but apples and pears were also important and tomatoes were grown commercially. Strawberries, too, were a major crop. Several produce warehouses and canning factories were located at Doniphan because of the railroad. Corn, wheat, and cotton were major crops. A roller mill at Doniphan manufactured the very fines grade of flour. In the 1920’s and 1930’s, the depression changed life in Doniphan, practically halting logging and production and stopping the exports of farm produce.
World War II brought about renewed vigor for Doniphan business and the establishment of new industries, particularly the Hunt Garment Factory and the Wright Leather Specialty plant. By the end of the twentieth century, the industrial structure at Doniphan had enlarged, logging was still a major enterprise with many family owned mills in the area. Because of the crystal clear waters of the Current River, the scenic views in the Mark Twain National Forest and the favorable climate of the Ozarks, tourism has become a larger factor in the local economy.
Demographics
As of the census[Geographic references#2GR2] of 2000, there were 1,932 people, 844 households, and 480 families residing in the city. The population density was 544.5/km² (1,412.5/mi²). There were 951 housing units at an average density of 268.0/km² (695.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.60% White, 0.36% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.There were 844 households out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 40.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 27.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the city the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 30.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 71.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $19,696, and the median income for a family was $29,875. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $18,981 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,407. About 19.8% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 25.8% of those age 65 or over.
External links
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