E-3 Sentry
Encyclopedia : E : E3 : E3S : E-3 Sentry
| E-3 Sentry | ||
|---|---|---|
 The United States Air Force's E-3 Sentry | ||
| Description | ||
| Role | Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) | |
| Crew | Flight crew of 4, plus 13-19 mission specialists | |
| First Flight | October 1975 | |
| Entered Service | March 1977 | |
| Manufacturer | ||
| Dimensions | ||
| Length | 152 ft 11 in | 46.61 m |
| Wingspan | 145 ft 9 in | 44.42 m |
| Height | 41 ft 4 in | 12.6 m |
| Wing Area | 3,050 ft² | 283.4 m² |
| Weights | ||
| Empty | 162,000 lb | 73,480 kg |
| Loaded | 325,000 lb | 147,400 kg |
| Maximum Takeoff | 347,000 lb | 156,000 kg |
| Capacity | ||
| Powerplant | ||
| Engines | US/NATO: Four Pratt and Whitney TF33-PW-100A turbofan engines UK/FRANCE/SAUDI: Four CFM-56-2A-2/3 turbofan engines | |
| Thrust (P&W) | 4 x 21,000 lbf | 4 x 93 kN |
| Thrust (CFM) | 4 x 24,000 lbf | 4 x 107 kN |
| Performance | ||
| Maximum Speed | 530 mph | 855 km/h |
| Combat Range | 1,000 miles | 1,610 km |
| Ferry Range | miles | km |
| Service Ceiling | 29,000 ft | 9,000 m |
| Rate of Climb | ft/min | m/min |
| Wing Loading | lb/ft² | kg/m² |
| Thrust/Weight | ||
| Avionics | ||
| Avionics | ||
The E-3 Sentry is a military airborne warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft that provides all-weather surveillance, command, control and communications, to the United States, NATO and other air defense forces.
Background
The E-3 Sentry is a modified Boeing 707-320 commercial airframe with a rotating radar dome. The dome is 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter, six feet (1.8 m) thick, and is held 14 feet (4.2 m) above the fuselage by two struts. It contains a radar subsystem that permits surveillance from the Earth's surface up into the stratosphere, over land or water. Two generators on each of the four engines provide the 1 megawatt of power required by the radar. The radar has a range of more than 250 miles (375 km) for low-flying targets and beyond the horizon (approximately 400 miles, although the actual range is classified) for aerospace vehicles flying at medium to high altitudes. The radar combined with an IFF subsystem can look down to detect, identify and track enemy and friendly low-flying aircraft by eliminating ground clutter returns that confuse other radar systems.The USAF E-3 fleet completed its largest upgrade in 2001. Known as the Block 30/35 Modification Program, the upgrade includes four enhancements:
- Electronic Support Measures (ESM) for passive detection, an electronic surveillance capability to detect and identify air and surface-based emitters.
- Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) to provide secure, anti-jam communication for information distribution, position location and identification capabilities.
- An increase in the memory capability in the computer to accommodate JTIDS (Link-16), ESM and future enhancements.
- Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite-based positioning capability to provide precise global navigation.
The radar and computer subsystems on the E-3 Sentry can gather and present broad and detailed battlefield information. Data are collected as events occur. This includes position and tracking information on enemy aircraft and ships, and location and status of friendly aircraft and naval vessels. The information can be sent to major command and control centers in rear areas or aboard ships. In times of crisis, these data can be forwarded to the National Command Authority in the United States.
In support of air-to-ground operations, the Sentry can provide direct information needed for interdiction, reconnaissance, airlift and close-air support for friendly ground forces. It can also provide information for commanders of air operations to gain and maintain control of the air battle.
As an air defense system, E-3s can detect, identify and track airborne enemy forces far from the boundaries of the United States or NATO countries. It can direct fighter-interceptor aircraft to these enemy targets.
Experience has proven that the E-3 Sentry can respond quickly and effectively to a crisis and support worldwide military deployment operations. It is a jam-resistant system that has performed missions while experiencing heavy electronic countermeasures (ECM).
With its mobility as an airborne warning and control system (AWACS), the Sentry has a greater chance of surviving in warfare than a fixed, ground-based radar system. Among other things, the flight path can quickly be changed according to mission and survival requirements. The E-3 can fly a mission profile for more than 8 hours without refueling. Its range and on-station time can be increased through inflight refueling and the use of an on-board crew rest area.
The aircraft are used as a surveillance asset in support of counter drug missions. U.S. Customs Service officers may fly aboard the E-3 Sentry on precoordinated missions to detect smuggling activities.
Engineering, test and evaluation began on the first E-3 Sentry in October 1975. In March 1977 the 552nd Airborne Warning and Control Wing (now 552nd Air Control Wing, Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma), received the first E-3s.
Air Combat Command (ACC) has 28 E-3s at Tinker AFB. Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) has two E-3 Sentries assigned to the 961st Airborne Air Control Squadron (AACS), in Kadena AB, Okinawa, and two assigned to the 962nd AACS, in Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.
The NATO member nations acquired 18 E-3As and support equipment for a NATO air defense force. Since all aircraft must be registered with a certain country, the decision was made to register the 18 NATO AWACS planes with Luxembourg, a NATO country that until that point had not had any air force. The first NATO E-3 was delivered in January 1982. Presently 17 NATO E-3A's are in the inventory, since one NATO E-3 was lost in a crash. The United Kingdom, a NATO country itself, has seven E-3s, which it designates the AEW Mk.1, France, another NATO country, has four Sentries, and Saudi Arabia has five. Japan has four Boeing 767-based AWACS aircraft. The UK RAF order followed expensive unsuccessful trials of a domestic product, the Nimrod AEW3 version.E-3 Sentry aircraft were among the first to deploy during Operation Desert Shield where they immediately established an around-the-clock radar screen to defend against Iraqi forces. During Desert Storm, E-3s flew more than 400 missions and logged more than 5,000 hours of on-station time. They provided radar surveillance and control to more than 120,000 coalition sorties. In addition to providing senior leadership with time-critical information on the actions of enemy forces, E-3 controllers assisted in 38 of the 40 air-to-air kills recorded during the conflict.
The data collection capability of the E-3 radar and computer subsystems allowed an entire air war to be recorded for the first time in the history of aerial warfare. In March 1996, the US Air Force activated the 513th Air Control Group, an AWACS Reserve Associate Program unit, which performs duties on active-duty aircraft.
Radar System Improvement Program
During the spring of 1999, the first AWACS aircraft went through the Radar System Improvement Program (RSIP). RSIP is a joint U.S./NATO development program that involves a major hardware and software-intensive modification to the existing radar system. Installation of RSIP will enhance the operational capability of the E-3 radar electronic counter-measures, and dramatically improve the system's reliability, maintainability and availability. U.S. installation of RSIP was completed in fiscal year 2004.Future Direction
The E-3 is slated to be replaced (along with the EC-135 and the E-8 Joint STARS) by the E-10 MC2A, based upon the Boeing 767-400ER airframe.Units using the Sentry
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force purchased 24 E-3Bs and 10 E-3Cs. One E-3B crashed, killing all 24 crew members onboard, after ingesting several Canada geese into its two left engines at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska on September 22, 1995. Another is on loan to Boeing Integrated Defense Systems for continuous testing, research, and development.- 552d Air Control Wing has 28 E-3s stationed at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma
- 3d Wing has 2 at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska
- 18th Wing has 2 at Kadena AB, Japan.
Royal Air Force
Purchased 7, named Happy, Sleepy, Sneezy, Grumpy, Dopey, Bashful and Doc.
Armée de l'Air
Purchased 4 E-3FRoyal Saudi Air Force
Purchased 5 E-3D from the US 7 KE-3D tankers in 1983North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Based in Geilenkirchen, Germany, 18 E-3 AWACS were purchased.(One lost in Greece) All of these aircraft are officially registered as aircraft of Luxembourg, a NATO member with no other Air Force. Responsible for monotoring airspace for NATO operations around the world
- Squadron 1
- Squadron 2
- Squadron 3
- Training Squadron
Units Using the Boeing E-767
The Boeing 707 platform is no longer in production, so the E-767 contains the E-3 Sentry mission package on a newer Boeing 767 platform.
- Japan Air Self-Defense Force
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