EC50
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The term EC50 represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of its effect is observed.
It is commonly used as a measure of drug potency.
It is also related to IC50 which is a measure of a compound's inhibition (50% inhibition).
According to the FDA, IC50 represents the concentration of a drug that is required for 50% inhibition in vitro whereas EC50 represents the plasma concentration required for obtaining 50% of a maximum effect in vivo.(http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/00/slides/3621s1d/sld036.htm)
Concentration measures typically follow an S-shaped curve, increasing rapidly over a relatively small change in concentration. The point at which the effectiveness slows with increasing concentration is the IC50. This can be determined mathematically by derivation of the best-fit line. However, it is more easily observed from a graph and estimated rather than through complex calculus equations.
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