Eastern Armenian language
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Eastern Armenian is one of the two modern dialects of Armenian (an Indo-European language), spoken in the Caucasus mountains (particularly in the Republic of Armenia).
Phonology
There are seven Armenian vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o |
| Open | a | ||
Armenian consonants:
| Labial | Dental | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nasal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affricate
| ʦʰ ʦ ʣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | ||||
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The phonology of Eastern Armenian preserves the three-way distinction in stops and affricates that is missing from Western Armenian.MorphologyNounsEastern Armenian nouns have seven cases, one more than Western Armenian. They are: Nominative (subject), Accusative (direct object), Genitive (possession), Dative (indirect object), Ablative (origin), Instrumental (means) and Locative (position). Of the seven cases, the nominative and accusative, with exceptions, are the same, and the genitive and dative are the same, meaning that nouns have mostly five distinct forms for case. Nouns in Armenian also decline for number (singular and plural), but do not decline for gender (i.e. masculine or feminine). Declension in Armenian is based on how the genitive is formed. There are several declensions, but two are the most used (genitive in i, and genitive in u):
Two notes: Abl.sg WA karê/EA /gaɹuʦʰ/'' Second, notice that in Western Armenian, the plural forms followed the u-declension, while in Eastern Armenian the plural forms follow the i-declension: Gen.pl WA karineru/EA /gaɹineɹi/ ArticlesLike some other languages such as English, Armenian has definite and indefinite articles. The indefinite article in Eastern Armenian is /mi/, which precedes the noun: mi giɹkʰ ('a book', Nom.sg), /mi gɹkʰi/ ('of a book', Gen.sg) The definite article is a suffix attached to the noun, and is one of two forms, either /-ə/or /-n/, depending on whether the final sound is a vowel or a consonant, and whether a preceding word begins with a vowel or consonant:
/maɹdə/ ('the man', Nom.sg)
AdjectivesAdjectives in Armenian do not decline for case or number, and precede the noun:
/lav giɹkʰə ('the good book', Nom.sg)
VerbsVerbs in Armenian are based on two basic series of forms, a "present" form and a "imperfect" form. From this, all other tenses and moods are formed with various particles and constructions. There is a third form, the preterite, which in Armenian is tense in its own right, and takes no other particles or constructions. (See also Armenian verbs and Eastern Armenian verb table for more detailed information.) The present tense in Eastern Armenian is based on two conjugations (a, e). In Eastern Armenian, the distinct conjugations in e and i merged as e.
The present tense (as we know it in English) is made by adding the present tense of linel after the present participle form of the verb:
jes kaɹdum em giɹkʰə/ (I am reading the book)
See also
External links
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