Eastern Romance languages
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The Eastern Romance languages, sometimes known as the Vlach languages, are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe from the local eastern variant of Vulgar Latin.
History
From Vulgar Latin, several hundreds of years afterward, a language called Proto-Romanian was developed, which had already most of the features of modern Romanian. It is generally considered that sometime between 800 and 1,200 years ago, due to the foreign invasions (see Romania in the Dark Ages) and the migration of Vlach shepherds (see Vlachs#Wallachia), Proto-Romanian split into four separate languages: Daco-Romanian (today's Romanian), Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian.
In addition, in the Soviet Union the Moldovan language was officially introduced, to draw a distinction between the Romanian and Moldovan nations, an attempt that had eventually failed. [[Citing sources citation needed]]
| Eastern Romance languages | |
|---|---|
| Proto-Romanian language | |
| Substratum | |
| Daco-Romanian (Romanian language>Romanian, Moldovan, Vlach) Numerals | Phonology | Lexis | |
| Regulating bodies | |
| Aromanian language>Aromanian | |
| Megleno-Romanian language>Megleno-Romanian | |
| Istro-Romanian language>Istro-Romanian | |
| Boyash>Boyash Archaic Romanian | |
Common features
- Main article: Proto-Romanian
They also share a few sound changes with the western Romance languages: some with Italian, such as [kl] > [kj] (Lat. clarus > Rom. chiar, Ital. chiaro) and also a few with Dalmatian, such as [gn] > [mn] (Lat. cognatus > Rom. cumnat, Dalm. comnut). However, most of them are original, see: Latin to Romanian sound changes.
The languages that are part of this group have some features that differentiate them from the other Romance languages, notable being the grammatical features shared within the Balkan linguistic union as well as some semantic peculiarities, such as lume ("world") being derived from Latin lumen ("light"), inimă ("heart") being derived from Latin anima ("soul"), etc.
They also contain a Paleo-Balkanic substrate of a few hundreds of words, shared with Albanian (considered to be of Dacian origin) and 70 early Slavic borrowings, but the Hungarian language words are found only in Romanian and Istro-Romanian.
Languages
- Romanian (known officially as Moldovan in the Republic of Moldova)
- Aromanian
- Megleno-Romanian
- Istro-Romanian
See also
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