Edward of Portugal

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Portuguese royalty
House of Aviz

John I Children Infante Duarte    Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra Henry the Navigator (Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu)    Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy Infante João Infante Fernando, the Saint Prince Afonso, Duke of Braganza (illegitimate) Beatriz, Countess of Arundel (illegitimate) Grandchildren include Infanta Isabel of Coimbra, Queen of Portugal Edward Children Infante Afonso    Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu Infanta Leonor, Holy Roman Empress Infanta Catarina Infanta Joana, Queen of Castile Grandchildren include Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja Infanta Leonor of Viseu, Queen of Portugal Afonso V Children include Blessed Infanta Joana Infante João John II    Afonso, Crown Prince of Portugal Jorge, Duke of Coimbra (illegitimate) Manuel I Children include    Miguel da Paz, Crown Prince of Spain and Portugal Infante João Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress Infanta Beatriz, Duchess of Savoy    Infante Luís, Duke of Beja    Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso Infante Cardinal Afonso Infante Cardinal Henrique    Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães Infanta Maria Grandchildren include Philip I of Portugal (II of Spain)    António, Prior of Crato (illegitimate) Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza Infanta Catarina of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza Great-Grandchildren include    Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza Rannuccio Farnense of Parma Great-Great-Grandchildren include John II, Duke of Braganza John III Children include Infanta Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias João, Crown Prince of Portugal Grandchildren include Infante Sebastião Carlos, Prince of Asturias Sebastian Henry Anthony (disputed king)

Duarte of Portugal (Viseu, October 31 1391 - Tomar, September 13 1438) (pron. IPA /'duaɾt(ɨ)/; Edward, in English), the Philosopher or the Eloquent, the 11th king of Portugal and Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta. He was the son of King João I of Portugal (John I of Portugal) and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt.

As a prince, Edward (Duarte) always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese captured the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Prince Henry the Navigator who founded a school of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the NW coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and John, duke of Aveiro were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly prince, he wrote the treatise O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) as well as other books on hunting and several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Ancestors

Edward's ancestors in three generations

Edward of Portugal	Father: John I of Portugal	Father's father: Peter I of Portugal	Father's father's father: Afonso IV of Portugal
			Father's father's mother: Beatrice of Castile
		Father's mother: Teresa Lourenço	Father's mother's father: Lourenço Martins
			Father's mother's mother: Sancha Martins
	Mother: Philippa of Lancaster	Mother's father: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster	Mother's father's father: Edward III of England
			Mother's father's mother: Philippa of Hainault
		Mother's mother: Blanche of Lancaster	Mother's mother's father: Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
			Mother's mother's mother: Isabel de Beaumont

Marriages and descendants

Duarte married Eleanor of Aragon, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Leonor Urraca of Castile, in 1428.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Eleanor of Aragon (Queen of Portugal) (c. 1402-February 19 1445); married on September 22 1428)
Prince John	October 1429	b. August 14 1433
Princess Philippa	November 27 1430	March 24 1439
Afonso V	January 15 1432	August 28 1481	Who succeeded him as 12th King of Portugal.
Princess Maria	December 7 1432	December 8 1432
Prince Ferdinand	November 17 1433	September 18 1470	Duke of Viseu and father of future king Manuel I.
Princess Leonor	September 18 1434	September 3 1467	Married Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Prince Edward	July 12 1435	July 12 1435
Princess Catherine	November 26 1436	June 17 1463
Princess Joana	March 31 1439	June 13 1475	Married King Henry IV of Castile.
By Joana Manuel de Vilhena (c. 1395-?)
João Manuel	c. 1416	1476	Natural son. Bishop of Guarda.

"|Preceded by:
John I

|width="30%" align="center" rowspan=""|Succeeded by:
Afonso V |- |}

 

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