Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
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<< Chemical elements data references
Electronegativity (Pauling scale)
| number | symbol | name | use | WEL | CRC | LNG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | hydrogen | 2.20 | same | ||
| 2 | He | helium | no data | same | ||
| 3 | Li | lithium | 0.98 | same | ||
| 4 | Be | beryllium | 1.57 | same | ||
| 5 | B | boron | 2.04 | same | ||
| 6 | C | carbon | 2.55 | same | ||
| 7 | N | nitrogen | 3.04 | same | ||
| 8 | O | oxygen | 3.44 | same | ||
| 9 | F | fluorine | 3.98 | 3.98 | 3.98 | 3.90 |
| 10 | Ne | neon | no data | same | ||
| 11 | Na | sodium | 0.93 | same | ||
| 12 | Mg | magnesium | 1.31 | same | ||
| 13 | Al | aluminium | 1.61 | same | ||
| 14 | Si | silicon | 1.90 | same | ||
| 15 | P | phosphorus | 2.19 | same | ||
| 16 | S | sulfur | 2.58 | same | ||
| 17 | Cl | chlorine | 3.16 | same | ||
| 18 | Ar | argon | no data | same | ||
| 19 | K | potassium | 0.82 | same | ||
| 20 | Ca | calcium | 1.00 | same | ||
| 21 | Sc | scandium | 1.36 | same | ||
| 22 | Ti | titanium | 1.54 | same | ||
| 23 | V | vanadium | 1.63 | same | ||
| 24 | Cr | chromium | 1.66 | same | ||
| 25 | Mn | manganese | 1.55 | same | ||
| 26 | Fe | iron | 1.83 | same | ||
| 27 | Co | cobalt | 1.88 | same | ||
| 28 | Ni | nickel | 1.91 | same | ||
| 29 | Cu | copper | 1.90 | same | ||
| 30 | Zn | zinc | 1.65 | same | ||
| 31 | Ga | gallium | 1.81 | same | ||
| 32 | Ge | germanium | 2.01 | same | ||
| 33 | As | arsenic | 2.18 | same | ||
| 34 | Se | selenium | 2.55 | same | ||
| 35 | Br | bromine | 2.96 | same | ||
| 36 | Kr | krypton | 3.00 | 3.00 | no data | no data |
| 37 | Rb | rubidium | 0.82 | same | ||
| 38 | Sr | strontium | 0.95 | same | ||
| 39 | Y | yttrium | 1.22 | same | ||
| 40 | Zr | zirconium | 1.33 | same | ||
| 41 | Nb | niobium | 1.6 | same | ||
| 42 | Mo | molybdenum | 2.16 | same | ||
| 43 | Tc | technetium | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.10 | 2.10 |
| 44 | Ru | ruthenium | 2.2 | same | ||
| 45 | Rh | rhodium | 2.28 | same | ||
| 46 | Pd | palladium | 2.20 | same | ||
| 47 | Ag | silver | 1.93 | same | ||
| 48 | Cd | cadmium | 1.69 | same | ||
| 49 | In | indium | 1.78 | same | ||
| 50 | Sn | tin | 1.96 | same | ||
| 51 | Sb | antimony | 2.05 | same | ||
| 52 | Te | tellurium | 2.1 | same | ||
| 53 | I | iodine | 2.66 | same | ||
| 54 | Xe | xenon | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.60 | no data |
| 55 | Cs | caesium | 0.79 | same | ||
| 56 | Ba | barium | 0.89 | same | ||
| 57 | La | lanthanum | 1.10 | same | ||
| 58 | Ce | cerium | 1.12 | same | ||
| 59 | Pr | praseodymium | 1.13 | same | ||
| 60 | Nd | neodymium | 1.14 | same | ||
| 61 | Pm | promethium | no data | same | ||
| 62 | Sm | samarium | 1.17 | same | ||
| 63 | Eu | europium | no data | same | ||
| 64 | Gd | gadolinium | 1.20 | same | ||
| 65 | Tb | terbium | no data | same | ||
| 66 | Dy | dysprosium | 1.22 | same | ||
| 67 | Ho | holmium | 1.23 | same | ||
| 68 | Er | erbium | 1.24 | same | ||
| 69 | Tm | thulium | 1.25 | same | ||
| 70 | Yb | ytterbium | no data | same | ||
| 71 | Lu | lutetium | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 72 | Hf | hafnium | 1.3 | same | ||
| 73 | Ta | tantalum | 1.5 | same | ||
| 74 | W | tungsten | 2.36 | 2.36 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| 75 | Re | rhenium | 1.9 | same | ||
| 76 | Os | osmium | 2.2 | same | ||
| 77 | Ir | iridium | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 78 | Pt | platinum | 2.28 | 2.28 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 79 | Au | gold | 2.54 | 2.54 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| 80 | Hg | mercury | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| 81 | Tl | thallium | 1.62 | 1.62 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| 82 | Pb | lead | 2.33 | 2.33 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| 83 | Bi | bismuth | 2.02 | 2.02 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| 84 | Po | polonium | 2.0 | same | ||
| 85 | At | astatine | 2.2 | same | ||
| 86 | Rn | radon | no data | same | ||
| 87 | Fr | francium | 0.7 | same | ||
| 88 | Ra | radium | 0.9 | same | ||
| 89 | Ac | actinium | 1.1 | same | ||
| 90 | Th | thorium | 1.3 | same | ||
| 91 | Pa | protactinium | 1.5 | same | ||
| 92 | U | uranium | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| 93 | Np | neptunium | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| 94 | Pu | plutonium | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| 95 | Am | americium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 96 | Cm | curium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 97 | Bk | berkelium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 98 | Cf | californium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 99 | Es | einsteinium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 100 | Fm | fermium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 101 | Md | mendelevium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
| 102 | No | nobelium | 1.3 | 1.3 | no data | 1.3 |
Notes
- Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ.
- Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set.
References
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:- A.L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1961, 17, 215.
- L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Cornell Univ., USA, 3rd ed., 1960.
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
CRC
As quoted from these sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 9, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; Electronegativity- Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1960.
- Allen, L.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.
- Allred, A.L., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 17, 215, 1961.
LNG
As quoted from these sources in: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.5, Electronegativities of the Elements.- L. Pauling, The Chemical Bond, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1967.
- L. C. Allen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:9003 (1989).
- A. L. Allred, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17:215 (1961).
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