Eliot Ness
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Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Treasury agent, famous for his efforts to enforce Prohibition in Chicago, Illinois as the leader of a legendary team nicknamed The Untouchables.
Birth and early life
Ness was born in Chicago, the son of Norwegian bakers Peter and Emma Ness. He was educated at the University of Chicago, graduating in 1925 with a degree in business and law. Ness was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He began his career as an investigator for the Retail Credit Co. of Atlanta. He was assigned to the Chicago territory, where he conducted background investigations for the purpose of credit information. He returned to the University to take a course in criminology, eventually earning a masters degree in criminology.Career
In 1926, his sister's husband, Alexander Jamie, a Bureau of Investigation agent (this became the FBI in 1935), influenced him to enter law enforcement. He joined the Treasury Department in 1927, working with the 300-strong Bureau of Prohibition in Chicago.Following the election of President Herbert Hoover, Andrew Mellon was specifically charged with bringing down Alphonse Capone. The federal government approached the problem from two directions: income tax evasion and the Volstead Act. Ness was chosen to head the operations under the Volstead Act, targeting the illegal breweries and supply routes of Capone.
With corruption among law-enforcement agents endemic, Ness went through the records of all the treasury agents to create a reliable team, initially of fifty, later reduced to fifteen and finally to just nine men. Raids against stills and breweries began immediately; within six months Ness claimed to have seized breweries worth over one million dollars. The main source of information for the raids was an extensive wire-tapping operation.
An attempt by Capone to bribe Ness's agents was seized on by Ness for publicity, leading to the media nickname "The Untouchables". There were a number of assassination attempts on Ness; a close friend of his was killed.
The efforts of Ness and his team had a serious impact on Capone's operations, but it was the income tax evasion which was the key weapon. In a number of federal grand jury cases in 1931, Capone was charged with 22 counts of tax evasion and also 5,000 violations of the Volstead Act. On October 17, 1931, Capone was sentenced to eleven years, and following a failed appeal, he began his sentence in 1932.
After Capone's conviction
Ness was promoted to Chief Investigator of the Prohibition Bureau for Chicago and in 1934 for Ohio. Following the end of Prohibition in 1933, he took a job with the local government of Cleveland as Director of Public Safety. He headed up a campaign to clean out the corrupt police and fire departments, and also tackle illegal gambling and other entertainments. Ness' inability to capture the Cleveland Torso Murderer, a vicious serial killer operating in the Cleveland area during the mid-1930s, may have also contributed to his exit from what was otherwise a reasonably successful career in Cleveland. He resigned in 1942, following a drunken car accident.Ness then moved to Washington, D.C. and worked for the federal government. In 1944, he left to become chairman of the Diebold Corporation, a security safe company based in Ohio. He ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Cleveland in 1947 and was forced from his job at Diebold in the same year. He eventually came to work for North Ridge Industrial in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. His book, The Untouchables, was published in 1957 shortly before his death at the age of 54 following a heart attack. In one popular yet apocryphal anecdote, he died just as he was about to have the first alcoholic drink of his life.
He was married three times, divorcing twice, and had only one child (by adoption). He was married to illustrator Evaline Ness from 1938 to 1946. His ashes were scattered in one of the small ponds on the grounds of Lakeview Cemetery in Cleveland.
Popular culture
A number of television series and feature films have been made (loosely) based on his life, inflating the image of Ness into the fearless incorruptible lawman of legend. Some of the most well-known of these include the 1950s/1960s TV series titled The Untouchables, which features Robert Stack as Ness, and Brian De Palma's Oscar-winning film of the same title, The Untouchables, which stars Kevin Costner as Ness. Eliot Ness was also the protagonist of the graphic novel Torso by Brian Michael Bendis and a film is reportedly in development with David Fincher attached to direct. [link] Ness likewise appears as a minor character in the graphic novel Road to Perdition.
Great Lakes Brewing Company makes a beer in his honor, 'The Eliot Ness'.
There is a sandwich shop in Fort Collins, Colorado, just outside the campus of Colorado State University named "Eliot's Mess" in his honor.
In The Simpsons episode there is an episode where prohibiton is introduced and a new charachter, Rex Banner, is brought to put a stop to bootlegging this character is an obvious satire of Eliot Ness
In the 2005 Proof song "Clap wit me" Ness is mentioned in the second verse.
In the 1996 Tupac Shakur and Dr. Dre song "California Love" Ness is mentioned in the opening of the song:
- Eliot Ness to these fucking gangstas and killas,
- bankin they millions they all wankstas and squealas.
Another 1992 song performed by Eric B. and Rakim titled "Know The Ledge" containing a reference to Eliot Ness is the theme to "Juice (film)" staring Tupac Shakur
- Now let me welcome everybody to the wild, wild west.
- A state that’s untouchable like Eliot Ness.
Additionally, Ness is mentioned in Lauryn Hill's verse on the The Fugees' 1996 song "Ready Or Not":
- Bulletproof down in case brothers try to bomb me,
- Putting brothers to rest like Eliot Ness
- Cause I don't like stress.
- Rap orgies with Porgy and Bess
- Capture your bounty like Eliot Ness.
External links
- [FBI data on Eliot Ness] through the Freedom of Information Act
- (DePalma film):
- (TV series with Robert Stack):
- [Corroborating Evidence] published by Sunstone Press, 2004, connects the Cleveland Torso Murders to the murder of the Black Dahlia. ISBN 0-86534-440-X
- [Ask Yahoo!: Whatever happened to Eliot Ness after the trial of Al Capone?]
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