Elliptical trainer
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An elliptical trainer (also cross trainer) is a stationary exercise equipment used to simulate walking or running without causing pressure to the joints and hence decreases the risk of impact injuries.
Elliptical trainers offer a smooth cardiovascular workout that can vary from light to high intensity based on your resistance preference. Most elliptical trainers work the user's upper and lower body (although some models do not have moving upper body components), although using an elliptical trainer is designed to elevate the heart rate more than building muscles.
They can be powered with electricity for assisting the stride and/or tracking progress. Variable resistance braking systems use aerodynamic, magnetic or motor-assisted devices. On some models, the incline can be changed to work different muscle groups in the legs. Electronic models can vary the incline and resistance over the course of a workout according to a preset program.
Some elliptical trainers (including the one shown) have a tall handle attached to each pedal. The user holds on at shoulder height and pulls on the handle while stepping on the opposite pedal to exercise the arms and upper body in coordination with the legs.
Many consumer models found in sporting good and big-box retail stores can only handle users weighing no more than 200-250 lbs, and cost $1000 (US) or less. Higher end consumer elliptical machines found in speciality stores with brand names such as Life Fitness and Precor can accomidate users up to 400 lbs and range from $1799 to $4000 (US). Elliptical trainers such as these tend to offer a more natural feel and comfortable stride as the companies who manufacture them put in countless hours of market research, product design, and consumer testing. Some manufacturers may also produce commercial models which focus on durability and are made to withstand the almost constant use they encounter in gym or fitness club environment. These units typically sell for well over $4,000 (US) and may be more expensive and offer more durability and programming than the typical home user would ever utilize.
A treadmill compares to an elliptical cross trainer on the level of muscles used and heart rate issues. The latter causes less impact on bones and joints. Although interesting for people with recent injuries, the smoother movements cause a lower impact in improving bone density (loss of calcium).
See also
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