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Embryology

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Embryology is the branch of developmental biology that studies embryos and their development. It is also used to support the validity of the theory of evolution. Embryology is the classic study of morphological changes within the embryo. Aristotle is described as the first one to do such study, breaking open chicken eggs after different hours of incubation and observing the ontogeny of the chicken structures. After the 1950s, with the DNA structure being created by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, and the increasing knowledge in molecular biology field, developmental biology emerged as the field of study that correlates the genes and such morphological changes; in order words, which genes are responsible for each morphological change that takes place in an embryo. More than explain those morphological changes, to explain how the many different cell types of a multicellular organism arise from the single fertilized cell, the egg, is another aim of developmental biology. For more details, it is recomended the following readings: Developmental Biology; Scott F Gilbert, and Principles of Development; Lewis Wolpert.

See also

References

Mammalian embryogenesis/Embryology and Fetal development - [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit]

Embryo/Carnegie stages: Zygote | Morula | Blastula/Blastomere/Blastosphere | Gastrula/Gastrulation | Neurula | Fetus

General: Archenteron | Blastopore | Hensen's node | Germ layer (Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm) | Histogenesis | Organogenesis | Branchial arch (1st) | Meckel's cartilage | Somite/Somitomere | Thyroglossal duct | Vitelline duct

Circulatory system: Primitive atrium | Primitive ventricle | Bulbus cordis | Truncus arteriosus | Ostium primum | Foramen ovale | Ductus venosus | Ductus arteriosus | Aortic arches | Septum primum | Septum secundum | Cardinal veins

Nervous system: Neural development/Neurulation | Neural folds | Neural groove | Neural tube | Neural crest | Neuromere | Notochord | Optic vesicles | Optic stalk | Optic cup

Digestive system: Foregut | Midgut | Hindgut | Proctodeum | Rathke's pouch | Septum transversum

Urinary/Reproductive system: Urogenital folds | Urethral groove | Urogenital sinus | Kidney development (Pronephros | Mesonephros | Ureteric bud | Metanephric blastema) | Fetal genital development (Wolffian duct | Müllerian duct | Gubernaculum | Labioscrotal folds)

Uterine support: Placenta | Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) | Amniotic sac (Amnion, Chorion) | Yolk sac | Allantois | Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast | Syncytiotrophoblast | Gestational sac)

 


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