Epiglotto-pharyngeal consonant
Encyclopedia : E : EP : EPI : Epiglotto-pharyngeal consonant
| Places of articulation |
| Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial-velar |
| Labial-alveolar |
| Labiodental |
| Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Alveolar |
| Apical |
| Laminal |
| Postalveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
| Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial-palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular-epiglottal |
| Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
| Glottal |
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Epiglotto-pharyngeal consonants have been reported (and videotaped) in one language, the Formosan language Ami of Taiwan, which has an aspirated stop and, apparently, a fricative as phrase-final allophones of its (ary)epiglottal consonants. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have diacritics to distinguish these sounds from the epiglottals; the discoverers used the ad hoc and somewhat misleading transcriptions [ʕ͡ʡ] and [ʜ͡ħ].
They are also said to occur in the Tsez language of southwestern Dagestan.
References
- [Paper on the articulation, with photos (pdf)]
- [Video clips]
- Maddieson, Ian; & Wright, Richard. (1995). The vowels and consonants of Amis: A preliminary phonetic report. In I. Maddieson (Ed.), UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages III (No. 91, pp. 45-66). Los Angeles: The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group.
See also
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