Erythronium

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Erythronium is a genus of cormous, spring-flowering, perennials. They have attractive pendent flowers and mottled or unmottled leaves. Many are best grown in shade so that the corms do not overheat or dry out.

The genus consists of 20-30 species. The species are primarily in temperate North America, with a few species in the Old World. Common names include Fawn Lily or Fawnlily, Trout Lily, Dog's-tooth Violet and Adder's-tongue.

Species

Western North America (west of the Rocky Mountains)

Erythronium californicum Purdy - California Fawn Lily
Erythronium citrinum S. Wats. - Cream Fawn Lily
Erythronium elegans Hammond & Chambers - Coast Range Fawn Lily
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh - Dogtooth Lily, Yellow Avalanche-lily, Yellow Fawn Lily
Erythronium helenae Applegate - Pacific Fawn Lily
Erythronium hendersonii S. Wats. - Henderson's Fawn Lily
Erythronium idahoense St.John & G.N.Jones
Erythronium howellii S. Wats. - Howell's Fawn Lily
Erythronium klamathense Applegate - Klamath Fawn Lily
Erythronium montanum S. Wats. - White Avalanche-lily, Glacier Lily
Erythronium multiscapoideum (Kellogg) A. Nels. & Kennedy - Sierra Fawn Lily
Erythronium oregonum Applegate - Giant White Fawn Lily
Erythronium pluriflorum Shevock, Bartel & Allen - Manyflower Fawn Lily
Erythronium purpurascens S. Wats. - Purple Fawn Lily
Erythronium pusaterii (Munz & J.T. Howell) Shevock, Bartel & Allen - Kaweah Lakes Fawn Lily
Erythronium quinaultense G A Allen - Olympic Fawn Lily
Erythronium revolutum Sm. - Mahogany Fawn Lily
Erythronium taylorii Shevock & G A Allen - Taylor's Fawn Lily
Erythronium tuolumnense Applegate - Tuolumne Fawn Lily

Eastern North America (east of the Rocky Mountains)

Erythronium albidum Nutt. - Small White Fawn Lily, White Fawn Lily

Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. - Trout Lily, Yellow Trout Lily, Adder's Tongue

Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr - Midland Fawn Lily, White Fawn Lilly

Erythronium propullans Gray - Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily, Minnesota Fawn Lily, Minnesota Trout Lily

Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf - Yellow Trout Lily

Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin - Dimpled Trout Lily

Europe

Erythronium dens-canis L. Dog Tooth Violet

Asia

Erythronium caucasicum Woronow

Erythronium japonicum Decne. - Katakuri

Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Krylov

Erythronium dens-canis

Uses

The corm is edible as a root vegetable, cooked or dried, and can be ground into flour. The leaves can also be cooked as a leaf vegetable. In Japan, Erythronium japonicum is called katakuri, and the corm is processed to produce starch, which is used for food and other purposes.

They are also widely grown as ornamental plants, with numerous hybrids and cultivars having been selected for garden use. Popular cultivars include E. 'Pagoda', E. 'Sundisc', E. 'Joanna', E. 'Kondo', E. 'Citronella', E. californicum 'White Beauty', and E. 'Rosalind'. Propagation is best by seed in autumn or by division of corms, depending on species. Some species propagate vegetatively, while others do not.

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References

[Treatment from the Jepson Manual]

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