Esterase
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An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis. A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
List of esterases
- Lipase, splits fat and lipids into fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols
- * Phospholipase (PL), hydrolyzes phospholipids
- * Lipoprotein lipase, hydrolyzes lipids in lipoproteins
- * Acid hydrolase (lysosomal acid lipase), found in lysozomes which are strongly acidic
- Acetylesterase, splits off acetyl groups
- * Cholinesterase
- ** Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- ** Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver
- Nuclease, cleave the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides of nucleic acids
- * Endonuclease, cleaves in the middle of the nucleic acid
- * Exonuclease, cleaves in the ends of the nucleic acid
- * Ribonuclease (RNase), cleaves RNA
- ** RNase H
- * Deoxyribonuclease (DNase), cleaves RNA
- ** Restriction enzyme
- Phosphatase, hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
- * Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
- * Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP
- ** cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Fructose bisphosphatase, converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis
- Thioesterase
- * Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
- Cholesterol esterase
- Pectinesterase, clarifies fruit juices
- Leukocyte esterase
- Hemagglutininesterase
EC classification
Esterases are classified as EC 3.1 in the EC number classification of enzymes. They are further subclassified into:
- EC 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)
- EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.16: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.21: Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.22: Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.23: Site specific endodeoxyribonucleases: cleavage is sequence specific (discontinued)
- EC 3.1.24: Site specific endodeoxyribonucleases: cleavage is not sequence specific (discontinued)
- EC 3.1.25: Site-specific endodeoxyribonucleases specific for altered bases
- EC 3.1.26: Endoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.27: Endoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.30: Endoribonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.31: Endoribonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
External links
See also
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