Evolutionary Biology

Encyclopedia : E : EV : EVO : Evolutionary Biology

Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time. One who studies evolutionary biology is known as an evolutionary biologist, or less formally, an evolutionist.

Evolutionary biology is an interdisciplinary field because it includes scientists from a wide range of both field and lab oriented disciplines. For example, it generally includes scientists who may have a specialist training in particular organisms such as mammalogy, ornithology, or herpetology, but use those organisms as case studies to answer general questions in evolution. It also generally includes paleontologists and geologists who use fossils to answer questions about the tempo and mode of evolution, as well as theoreticians in areas such as population genetics. In the 1990s developmental biology made a re-entry into evolutionary biology from its initial exclusion from the modern synthesis through the study of evolutionary developmental biology.

Its findings feed strongly into new disciplines that study mankind's sociocultural evolution and evolutionary behavior. Evolutionary biology's frameworks of ideas and conceptual tools are now finding application in the study of a range of subjects from computing to nanotechnology.

Artificial life is a subfield of Bioinformatics that attempts to model, or even recreate, the evolution of organisms as described by evolutionary biology. Usually this is done through mathematics and computer models.

Contents

1 History
2 Notable evolutionary biologists
3 Bibliography

3.1 Textbooks
3.2 Notable monographs and other works

4 Topics in evolutionary biology
5 External links

History

Evolutionary biology as an academic discipline in its own right emerged as a result of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s, however, that a significant number of universities had departments that specifically included the term evolutionary biology in their titles. In the United States, as a result of the rapid growth of molecular and cell biology, many universities have split (or aggregated) their biology departments into molecular and cell biology-style departments and ecology and evolutionary biology-style departments (which often have subsumed older departments in paleontology, zoology and the like).

Microbiology has recently developed into an evolutionary discipline. It was originally ignored due to the paucity of morphological traits and the lack of a species concept in microbiology. Now, evolutionary researchers are taking advantage our extensive understanding of microbial physiology, the ease of microbial genomics, and the quick generation time of some microbes to answer evolutionary questions. Similar features have led to progress in viral evolution, particularly for bacteriophage.

Notable evolutionary biologists

Notable contributors to evolutionary biology include:

Evolutionary biologists known primarily for their science popularization:

Notable popularizers of evolution whose research isn't primarily concerned with evolutionary biology include:

Bibliography

Textbooks

Douglas J. Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology (3rd Edition), Sinauer Associates (1998) ISBN 0878931899
Douglas J. Futuyma, Evolution, Sinauer Associates (2005) ISBN 0878931872
Mark Ridley, Evolution (3rd edition), Blackwell (2003) ISBN 1405103450
Scott R. Freeman and Jon C. Herron, Evolutionary Analysis, Prentice Hall (2003) ISBN 0131018590
Michael R. Rose and Laurence D. Mueller, Evolution and Ecology of the Organism, Prentice Hall (2005) ISBN 0130104043
Monroe W. Strickberger, Evolution (3rd Edition), Jones & Bartlett Publishers (2000) ISBN 0763710660

Notable monographs and other works

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809) Philosophie Zoologique
Charles Darwin (1859) The Origin of Species
Charles Darwin (1871) The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
R.A. Fisher (1930) The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
J. B. S. Haldane (1932) The Causes of Evolution
Ernst Mayr (1941) Systematics and the Origin of Species
Susumu Ohno (1970) Evolution by gene duplication
Motoo Kimura (1983) The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

Topics in evolutionary biology

External links

[Mystery of color vision and fundamental questions in philosophy] About evolution of color vision and knowledge
[Mystery of beauty sense and evolution of needs] About evolution of beauty sense, colorful feather of birds, and human needs

[ edit] General subfields within biology
Anatomy \| Astrobiology \| Biochemistry \| Bioinformatics \| Botany \| Cell biology \| Ecology \| Developmental biology \| Evolutionary biology \| Genetics \| Genomics \| Marine biology \| Human biology \| Microbiology \| Molecular biology \| Origin of life \| Paleontology \| Parasitology \| Pathology \| Physiology \| Taxonomy \| Zoology

[ edit]
Basic topics in evolutionary biology
Processes of evolution: adaptation - evidence - macroevolution - microevolution - speciation
Mechanisms: selection - genetic drift - gene flow - mutation
Modes: anagenesis - catagenesis - cladogenesis
History: History of evolutionary thought - Charles Darwin - The Origin of Species - modern evolutionary synthesis
Subfields: population genetics - ecological genetics - human evolution - molecular evolution - phylogenetics - systematics - evo-devo
List of evolutionary biology topics | Timeline of evolution | Timeline of human evolution

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