F1 generation
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In Mendelian genetics, F1 generation refers to the first filial generation. Filial generations, with their etymologic root in the Latin word filius, are defined as the resultant successive generations of progeny in a breeding experiment from a controlled cross between two parents. The F1 generation is the hybrid offspring of purebred P generation plants.
Gregor Mendel's groundbreaking work in the 19th century focused on patterns of inheritance and the genetic basis for variation. In his cross-pollination experiments involving two true-breeding, or homozygous, parents, Mendel found that the resulting F1 generation were heterozygous and all phenotypically resembled the dominant parent plant. This defining characteristic of the F1 generation means that heterozygosity is maximized while variability is at zero. Monohybrid crosses, in which F1 generation plants self-pollinate, resulting in the creation of a second filial generation, formed the basis for Mendel's law of independent assortment and law of segregation. Due to the 3:1 phenotypic ratio Mendel obtained in the F2 generation, Mendel confirmed the existence of recessive genetic markers phenotypically masked in the F1 generation by the dominant allele. Mendel’s discoveries involving the F1 and F2 generation lay the foundation for modern genetics. Today, classification of certain domestic hybrid breeds, such as the Savannah (cat), are classified by their filial generation number.
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