Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner
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The Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner or the Fairchild Aerospace Metro is a 19-seat, pressurised, twin turboprop airliner first produced by Swearingen and later by Fairchild.
History
The Metroliner was produced as development of the Swearingen Merlin turboprop-powered business aircraft. Ed Swearingen started the developments that led to the Metro through gradual modifications to the Beechcraft Queen Air business aircraft, aircraft he dubbed Merlin. These were marketed as business aircraft seating 8 to 10 passengers.Through successive models (Merlin I, II and III) less and less of the original Queen Air remained. Ultimately what was designed was a stretch of the Merlin III, sized to seat 22 passengers and called the Metro. The original Metro design was planned as a light jet aircraft, but due to the fuel crises of the late sixties the more fuel efficient turboprops were used. Because FAA regulations limited an airliner to no more than 19 seats if no flight attendant was to be carried, the aircraft was optimized for that number of passengers. A corporate version, called the Merlin IV was also marketed.
Prototype construction began in 1968 and first flight was on 26 August 1969. Two of this original model, also identified as the SA-226TC, were delivered in 1972 to Societe Miniere de Bakwanga (MIBA) in Kinshasa, Zaire, the first customer to put the Metro into service. The first airline to put them into service was Air Wisconsin.
Late in 1971 Swearingen was acquired by Fairchild, and the plant in San Antonio, Texas where the Metro was built became part of Fairchild Aircraft Corporation.
In 1974 the original Metro I model was replaced with the [Metro II]. Among the changes made were larger square windows and provision for a small rocket motor in the tail cone, this being offered to improve takeoff performance out of "hot & high" airfields. The aircraft is the only turboprop to have a Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS) usually used only on jet aircraft.
The Metro I and II were limited, again by FAA regulation, to a maximum weight of 12,500 pounds ( 5,670 kg). When this restriction was lifted the Metro II was recertified as the Metro IIA in 1980 at a maximum weight of 13,100 pounds (5,941 kg). The standard engines offered were two Garrett TPE331 turboprops driving three-bladed propellers.
The Metro III was next, also initially certified in 1980 at up to 14,000 pounds (6,350 kg) this increasing to 14,500 pounds (6,577 kg) as engines and structures were upgraded. An option to go as high as 16,000 pounds (7,257 kg) was offered. Other improvements incorporated into the Metro III were a 10 ft (3.05 m) increase in wing span, four-bladed props, and numerous drag-reducing airframe modifications. A version with strengthened floors, [aft loading doors], and the high gross weight option was offered as a cargo-only version known as the Expeditor. Finally, the Metro IIIA was offered with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-45R turboprops in place of the Garrett units.
Improvements beyond the [Metro III] provided better systems, more power and a further increase in takeoff weight. This work resulted in the [Metro 23], so named as it was designed for certification under FAR Part 23 (Amendment 34) standards. Many of these improvements also came about during work to produce the military C-26 model. A Metro 23 EF with a bulged lower fuselage for greater baggage capacity was also offered as well as an Expeditor 23.
Although Fairchild studied a version with a "stand-up" cabin (as in the Beechcraft 1900D) this was not built. At the 1987 Paris Air Show Fairchild released details of proposed developments of the Metro designated the Metro V and Metro VI. These versions would have featured a Metro III fuselage with a redesigned, longer wing, more powerful Garrett engines moved further out on the wing from the fuselage, a "T-tail" and various system improvements. Difference in engine power was what determined if a model was a Metro V or Metro VI, the Metro VI being the more powerful aircraft.
The last Metro (a Metro 23 model) was produced in 2001. Over 600 Metros were built.
Models
Specifications
Data is for the Metro III
- Crew: 2 (pilot + first officer)
- Accommodation: 19
- Max speed: 311 knots (576 km/h)
- Cruising speed: 278 knots (515 km/h)
- Range:
- * Maximum takeoff weight of 14,500 lb (6,577 kg): 575 nm (1,065 km)
- * Maximum takeoff weight of 16,000 lb (7,257 kg): 1,150 nm (2,131 km)
- Wingspan: 57 ft (17.37 m)
- Wing area: 309 ft² (28.71 m²)
- Length: 59 ft, 4 in (18.09 m)
- Height: 16 ft, 8 in (5.08 m)
- Cargo Volume: 143.5 ft³ (4.06 m³)
- Maximum Take-Off Weight: 14,500 lb (6,577 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 x 745.5 kW/1,000 shp (dry), 820 kW/1,1000 shp (wet) Garrett TPE331-11U-612G turbprops with continuous alcohol-water injection equipped with four-bladed McCauley C652 propellers.
Trivia
- Nicknamed the Flying Pencil and the "San Antonio Sewer Pipe" because of its very small diameter cylindrical fuselage.
- The US military designations used for the Metroliner are C-26 and UC-26.
- One Metro III was delivered to the Swedish Air Force for use as a VIP transport. It was designated as a Tp88.
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