Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
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فخرالدين الرازى
Abu `Abd allah Muhammad b. `Umar al-Razi, known as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, (1149–1209) was a well-known Persian theologian and philosopher from Ray, Iran. He is not to be confused with Rhazes, also known as al-Razi.
He was born in a Shafi'ite and Ash`arite family. His father was Diya al-Din `Umar who taught him Islamic religious sciences before he went to study with other Muslim savants. Al-Razi travelled to many places such as Bukhara, Khwarazm and Transoxiana and held discussions with local savants. Al-Razi was a prolific and encyclopedic writer and scholar based on his more than sixty complete works. He was a philosopher, historian, mathematician, astronomer, physician, theologian and exegesist. His opponents were the Hanbalites who opposed philosophy, Kalam and mysticism, and the Batinites and Qarmatians of whose al-Razi criticized the teachings.
Al-Razi's works on theology and on Kalam include the books al-Arba`in fi Usul al-Din and al-Mas'il al-Khamsun fi Usul al-Din. In his al-Arba`in fi Usul al-Din, al-Razi presented forty issues in the principles of religion, such as religious cosmology, theology, ethics, prophecy, eschatology and imamate. Meanwhile, al-Masa'il al-Khamsun fi Usul al-Din is a more brief presentation of similar themes or topics.
Works
See also
Sources
For his life and writings, see:- G.C. Anawati, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, ed. by H.A.R. Gibbs, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, C. Bosworth et al., 11 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960-2002) vol. 2, pp. 751-5.
- Manfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband VI, Abschnitt 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972), pp. 388-390.
- Yusef Mourad, La physiognomie arabe et le Kitab al-firasa de Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (Paris, 1939).
External links
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