Flag of Spain
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The flag of Spain in its current form was adopted on December 19, 1981. It is also seen in a 'civil' variant without the coat of arms. The flag is similar to those used between 1785 and 1931 (as the War Ensign until 1843 when the War Ensign became a national flag).
History
The closest variant of the current flag of Spain can be traced back to 1785 Naval Jack, Bandera de Proa o de Tajamar or Torrotito under Carlos III of Spain. The kingdom, by then under the house of Bourbon, sought a flag that would distinguish itself from the Bourbon royal banners from the two other principal Bourbon kingdoms, France and the Two Sicilies.Allegedly, there was a contest to design the new flag. Ultimately, the flag that was chosen as war ensign is the direct ancestor of the current flag. It was a triband red-yellow-red, of which the yellow band was twice the width of the red bands, a unique feature that distinguished the Spanish tribanded flag from other tribanded European flags. The flag chosen as civil ensign, meanwhile, consisted of five stripes of yellow-red-yellow-red-yellow, in proportions 1:1:2:1:1.
The origin of the colors is a source of controversy. One of the popular theories is that this scheme is based on the heraldic schemes of the monarchs of Crown of Aragon. Others claim it was Naples flag adopted by Carlos III.
Throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, this color scheme remained largely intact. The main changes to the flag centered on the coat of arms. In the modern flag, the coat of arms are greatly simplified as compared to previous variants. Each of the four quadrants represent one of the four kingdoms that were merged to form a unified Spain at the end of the 15th century. Namely, the kingdoms are: Castile, represented by the castle, León, represented by the lion, Aragon, represented by the vertical alternating red and yellow stripes (four red stripes, five yellow stripes), and Navarre, represented by the linked chains. Also the moorish kingdom of Granada is represented by the pomegranate fruit in the bottom of the coat of arms. The two columns with the "plus ultra" ensign (meaning "further" in Latin) represent Spanish discovery and colonization of America, the columns being the mythological Pillars of Hercules (of the Strait of Gibraltar, gateway to the Atlantic Ocean).
The purple band on the flag of the Second Spanish Republic is due to the flag of Castile having a purpure variant as well as a red one. The royalist flag used red-yellow-red (the red-yellow for Aragon and the red for Castile), while the republican one used red-yellow for Aragon and purple for the flag of the Castilian Comunero rebels during the Castilian War of the Communities.
Specifications
The colours of the flag are:| Scheme | Red | Yellow |
|---|---|---|
| CIELAB (H* in degrees, C*, L*) | 35.0, 70.0, 37.0 | 85.0, 95.0, 80.0 |
| CIE (x, y, Y) (Illuminant C) | 0.614, 0.320, 9.5 | 0.488, 0.469, 56.7 |
- Source: [Colours of the National Flag (Spain)] at Flags of the World citing Boletín Oficial del Estado. Accessed 21 February 2006.
See also
- Flag of Catalonia
- The 1920 flag of New Mexico is red and yellow in a reference to their Spanish past.
External links
- [Spain] at Flags of the World
- [Flags of Spain (in Spanish)]
- [Presidency of the Government - The Banner]
- [Presidency of the Government - The coat of arms.]
- [Spanish Authorities's Flags (in Spanish)]
- [History of the flag of Spain (in Spanish)]
| National flags | National coats of arms |
|---|---|
| Flags of sovereign states | Coats of arms of sovereign states |
| Flags of dependent territories Flags of unrecognized states | Coats of arms of dependent territories Coats of arms of unrecognized states |
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