Flekkefjord
Encyclopedia : F : FL : FLE : Flekkefjord
| ||
| ||
| County | Vest-Agder | |
| District | Sørlandet | |
| Municipality | ||
| Administrative centre | Flekkefjord | |
| Mayor (2003) | Signundv Krosslidv (KrF) | |
| Official language form | Bokmål | |
| Area - Total - Land - Percentage | 539 Square kilometre>km² 482 km² 0.17 % | |
| Population - Total (as of 2004>2004) - Percentage - Change (10 years) - Density | Ranked 118 8,918 0.19 % 2.4 % 19/km² | |
| Coordinates | ||
| [www.flekkefjord.kommune.no] [Data from Statistics Norway] | ||
Flekkefjord is a city and municipality in the county of Vest-Agder, Norway, and is the westernmost towns of the geographical region Sørlandet. The municipality is bounded by Sokndal and Lund in Rogaland county to the west, by Sirdal to the north and by Kvinesdal to the east.
The municipality center lies near European highway E39, approximately midway between Kristiansand and Stavanger. In addition there are population centers at Sira, Gyland, Rasvåg and Kirkehavn.
Geography
The town of Flekkefjord straddles the narrow sound which connects Flekkefjord to Grisefjord.The port is ideal due to its rare geographical location; the tidal flow that comes in from the Atlantic splits on the British Isles. One tidal stream goes through the English Channel, while the other goes around the north of the British Isles. The stream of the English Channel reaches the coast of Norway before the wave traveling around the British Islands. These two tidal “waves” are completely out of phase when they meet at Flekkefjord, neutralizing the tidal effect. The result is simple yet unusual: no difference in the tidal ocean height is observed throughout the day, all year around. This minimal tide at Flekkefjord, which lies near the mouth of the Skagerrak, also contributes to the Baltic Sea having a tide of only a few cm.
History
Flekkefjord was a landing place from early times. It was mentioned as a town as early as 1580. When Kristiansand was founded in 1641, Christian IV wanted to assure the economic survival of his new city by moving Flekkefjord residents there. Twice it was sentenced to extinction by royal decree. But many of the Flekkefjord inhabitants remained and continued to trade.Norway's plentiful stone was a Flekkefjord commodity. In 1736 over 300 Dutch ships are reported to carried paving stones from Flekkefjord. By 1750 the herring fishery began in earnest, such that herring and timber dominated the trade. In the 1750s Flekkefjord was the most important Norwegian herring export harbor.
In 1760 Flekkefjord petitioned Frederik V to grant a town charter. At that time several ships were home ported there and both sailors and herring fishermen had their homes in this small town that was not officially recognized. Barrel making (cooperage) was also an important local trade that served the fishing fleet.
During the Napoleonic Wars Flekkefjord found a new life as a smugglers port, exporting oak to the Napoleon-occupied Netherlands during the period prior to 1807. The unusual tidal condition, the local timber abundance, and a long-term relationship with the Dutch were the reasons behind Flekkefjord's then serving as a smuggler's headquarters. They specialized in the lucrative oak trade, the warship-timber in those days. Ships could come and leave Flekkefjord at any hour of the day, without concern for the tides.
Prior to 1807, Denmark-Norway had followed a policy of armed neutrality, using its naval forces only to protect trade flowing within, into, and out of Danish and Norwegian waters. But this changed for the last phase of the Napoleonic Wars when, in the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, the British preemptively captured large portions of the Danish naval fleet to prevent the French from doing the same. As a result, the Danish government declared war and built small gunboats in large numbers to attack the British. The Gunboat War (1807-1814) was the title given to naval conflict between Denmark-Norway against the British navy. It was natural for Flekkefjord to move from a smuggler's haven to blockade runner's headquarters. The unusual tides there were unknown to the British warships that were blockading the Norwegian coast against Napoleon-supporting ships and this provided the blockade runners a considerable advantage.
After the war the Dutch maintained a strong presence in Flekkefjord, and continued exporting oak and pine. The pine was used mainly to make foundations for the boom in Amsterdam house construction; as a result most of Amsterdam’s houses from the nineteenth-century are constructed of pines from Flekkefjord-exporters. A section of Flekkefjord called ‘Hollenderbyen’ (town of the Dutch) dates from the 1700s.
Xenotime, a rare yttrium phosphate mineral whose chemical formula is YPO4, was discovered in 1832 at Hidra (Hitterø), Flekkefjord.
The herring fisheries deserted the coast in 1838, depriving Flekkefjord residents of their main export. Tanning replaced fishing and by 1866 five tanneries were operating in Flekkefjord.
The Flekkefjordbanen (Flekkefjord railway) ran between Sira and Flekkefjord from 1904 to 1990.
Today Flekkefjord has lost its previous smuggler-glory, and is a small, cosy, quiet, law-abiding city.
Famous residents
- Jens Henrik Beer (1731 - 1808), smuggler and merchant
- Anders Beer (1801 - 1863), industrialist and agriculturalist
- Anders Beer Wilse (1865 - 1949), photographer
- Marta Steinsvik (1877 – 1950), author
- Sigbjørn Hølmebakk (1922 - 1981), author
- Sverre Anker Ousdal, actor
- Eirik Verås Larsen, world-class kayaker
- Einar Rasmussen, world-class kayaker
External links
References
- South Norway by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1958.
- Adventure Roads in Norway by Erling Welle-Strand; Nortrabooks, 1996. ISBN 82-90103-71-9
| Municipalities of Vest-Agder |
|
|---|---|
| Audnedal | Farsund | Flekkefjord | Hægebostad | Kristiansand | Kvinesdal | Lindesnes | Lyngdal | Mandal | Marnardal | Sirdal | Songdalen | Søgne | Vennesla | Åseral | |
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.