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Flying ace

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A flying ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft. (The more correct term is "fighter ace," since "flying ace" can refer to any adept pilot.) The aviation term ace originated in World War I when French newspapers described Adolphe Pegoud, nicknamed "The Foolhardy One", as l'as (french for ace) after he became the first pilot to down five German aircraft. Reportedly the term had been popularized in prewar French newspapers when referring to sports stars such as soccer players and bicyclists.

It has been stated that during WWI the Central Powers as well as the United Kingdom specified an ace as a pilot with 10 or more confirmed "kills" but no authoritative sources have emerged to support the claim. Germany had no ace system such as the French but instead popularized its "Jagdflieger" who had destroyed an escalating number of Allied aircraft. Britain had no ace system at all and in fact published no victory lists comparable to the French or Germans.

Different air services had different victory credit systems. The "purest" was Germany's which credited only one victory to one pilot, and only for enemy planes assessed as destroyed or captured. Most other nations adopted the French system of granting full credit to every pilot or aerial gunner participating in a victory, sometimes as many as six or seven individuals. The British furthermore credited "moral victories" in such categories as "driven down", "forced to land", and "out of control". To a lesser extent so did the U.S. Air Service. Top American ace Edward V. Rickenbacker's 26 victories included ten planes "out of control", several "dived east", and two grounded observation balloons. None of those would have been credited in later wars. On 23 August, 1918, Bermudian (British) DH 9 bomber pilot, Lieut. Arthur Rowe Spurling, and gunner Sgt Frank William Bell, single-handedly attacked 30 German fighters, all Fokker D.VIIs, gaining the five kills needed to make them aces in a single action, sending two of the German aeroplanes "down in flames", "destroying" two, and sending the fith down "out of control". Other reports of this action recorded three "shot down in flames", and two "crashing to earth". Either way, this raised their tally to six. Although both crewmembers were credited with the victories, Spurling actually downed three with the forward firing armament, and Bell downed two with the defensive armament. Spurling was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) for the action.

In World War II the Western air forces generally credited fractional shares of aerial victories, resulting in decimal scores such as 11.50 or 26.83. Some U.S. commands also credited aircraft destroyed on the ground as equal to aerial victories. The Soviets distinguished between solo and group kills, as did the Japanese, though the Japanese Navy stopped crediting individual victories in 1943. The Germans continued their inevitable rule of "one pilot, one kill."

The Soviet Union had the world's only female aces. During World War II, flying as part of the all-female 586 IAP, Katya Budanova achieved 11 and Lydia Litvyak scored 12 victories.

Despite official figures, very few recognized aces actually shot down as many aircraft as credited to them. The primary reason for inaccurate victory claims is the inherent confusion of three-dimensional, highspeed combat, but competitiveness and the desire for recognition also figure in the mix. Consequently, errors of 50 to 100% and more are common in air combat. In the Korean War, both the U.S. and Russian air arms claimed 10 to 1 victory-loss ratios.

The most accurate figures usually belong to the air arm fighting over its own territory, where wrecks can be counted. For instance, in World War I, Manfred von Richthofen is known to have shot down at least 73 of the 80 planes credited. See Under the Guns of the Red Baron by Franks, Giblin, and MacReady.

Ace is also used to refer to non-aviators who have distinguished themselves by sinking ships, destroying tanks, etc. (e.g. Aces of the Deep).

World War I

Aces of World War I
Name Country Service Victories Notes
Manfred von Richthofen Germany Luftstreitkräfte 80 "The Red Baron", Pour le Mérite
René Fonck France 75 Top Allied
Edward "Mick" Mannock UK Royal Flying Corps 73 disputed VC, Top English Ace
Billy Bishop Canada Royal Flying Corps 72 disputed VC, Top British Empire
Ernst Udet Germany Luftstreitkräfte 62
Raymond Collishaw Canada Royal Naval Air Service 61 Top RNAS
James McCudden UK Royal Flying Corps 57 VC
A. F. W. Beauchamp Proctor South Africa Royal Flying Corps 54
Erich Löwenhardt Germany Luftstreitkräfte 54
Donald R. MacLaren Canada Royal Flying Corps 54
Georges Guynemer France 53
Roderic Dallas Australia Royal Naval Air Service 50 (disputed) Top Australian (following recent research)
William George Barker Canada Royal Flying Corps 50
Werner Voss Germany Luftstreitkräfte 48
George McElroy UK Royal Flying Corps 47
Robert A. Little Australia Royal Naval Air Service 47
Fritz Rumey Germany Luftstreitkräfte 45
Albert Ball UK Royal Flying Corps 44
Rudolph Berthold Germany Luftstreitkräfte 44
Bruno Loerzer Germany Luftstreitkräfte 44
Charles Nungesser France 43
Paul Baumer Germany Luftstreitkräfte 43
Tom F. Hazell Ireland Royal Flying Corps 43
Josef Jacobs Germany Luftstreitkräfte 41
Georges F. Madon France 41
Oswald Boelcke Germany Luftstreitkräfte 40 Pour le Mérite
Lothar von Richthofen Germany Luftstreitkräfte 40 Pour le Mérite
Franz Buchner Germany Luftstreitkräfte 40
Philip F. Fullard United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 40
Karl Menckhoff Germany Luftstreitkräfte 39
Heinrich Gontermann Germany Luftstreitkräfte 39
Willy Coppens Belgium Belgian Military Aviation 37
Max Muller Germany Luftstreitkräfte 36
Julius Buckler Germany Luftstreitkräfte 36 Pour le Mérite
Maurice Boyau France 35
Godwin Brumowski Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 35 Top Austria-Hungary
Gustav Dorr Germany Luftstreitkräfte 35
Eduard von Schleich Germany Luftstreitkräfte 35
Francesco Baracca Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 34 Top Italy
Michel Coiffard France 34
Josef Veltjens Germany Luftstreitkräfte 34
Otto Koennecke Germany Luftstreitkräfte 33
Kurt Wolff Germany Luftstreitkräfte 33
Heinrich Bongartz Germany Luftstreitkräfte 33
Theo Osterkamp Germany Luftstreitkräfte 32
6 WW II
Emil Thuy Germany Luftstreitkräfte 32
Paul Billik Germany Luftstreitkräfte 31
Karl Bolle Germany Luftstreitkräfte 31
Gotthard Sachsenberg Germany Luftstreitkräfte 31
Karl Allmenröder Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30 Pour le Mérite
Carl Degelow Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30
Heinrich Kroll Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30
Josef Mai Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30
Ulrich Neckel Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30
Karl Schaefer Germany Luftstreitkräfte 30
A. H. "Harry" Cobby Australia Australian Flying Corps (AFC) 29 Top AFC
Hermann Frommerz Germany Luftstreitkräfte 29
Walter von Bulow Germany Luftstreitkräfte 28
Walter Blume Germany Luftstreitkräfte 28
Leon Bourjade France 28
Fritz von Roth Germany Luftstreitkräfte 28
Fritz Bernert Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27
Otto Fruhner Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27
Hans Kirschstein Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27
Armand Pinsard France 27
Karl Thom Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27 Pour le Mérite''
Adolf von Tutschek Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27
Kurt Wusthoff Germany Luftstreitkräfte 27
Eddie Rickenbacker USA US Army Air Service 26 Top US
Harald Auffarth Germany Luftstreitkräfte 26
Oscar von Boenigk Germany Luftstreitkräfte 26
Eduard Dostler Germany Luftstreitkräfte 26
Arthur Laumann Germany Luftstreitkräfte 26
Silvio Scaroni Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 26
Arthur Rhys Davids UK Royal Flying Corps 25
Rene Dorme France 23
Hermann Goering Germany Luftstreitkräfte 22 Pour le Mérite
Frederick W. Gillet USA Royal Flying Corps 20
Gabriel Guerin France 23
Claude Haegelen France 22
Alfred Heurtaux France 21
Keith Park NZ Australian Flying Corps 20 ''
Aleksandr A. Kozakov Russia Imperial Army Air Service 20 Top Russian
Howard A. Kullberg USA Royal Air Force 19
William C. Lambert USA Royal Flying Corps 18
Frank Luke USA US Army Air Service 18 Medal of Honor, "The Balloon Buster"
Raoul Lufbery France & USA Escadrille Lafayette &
US Army Air Service
16
Max Immelmann Germany Luftstreitkräfte 15 "The Blue Max"
James White Canada Royal Naval Air Service 12
Indra Lal Roy India Royal Air Force 10 India's only Ace
Christopher Draper UK Royal Naval Air Service 9 "The Mad Major"
Cyril Lowe UK Royal Flying Corps 9

Of the thirty-two aces, seventeen died during the conflict.

Spanish Civil War

Aces of Spanish Civil War
Name Country Service Victories
Joaquin Morato Spain Nationalist Air Force 40
Lev L. Shestakov Russia Republican Air Force 39
Sergei I. Gritsevets Russia Republican Air Force 30
Julio Diaz-Benjumea Spain Nationalist Air Force 24
Manuel Claver Spain Republican Air Force 23
Manuel Sagastizabal Spain Nationalist Air Force 21
Leopoldo Rubio Spain Republican Air Force 21
Pavel V. Rychagov Russia Republican Air Force 20
Aristides Lopez Spain Nationalist Air Force 17
Angel Larrazabal Spain Nationalist Air Force 16
Mario Bonzano Italy Nationalist Air Force 15
Brunetto di Montegnacco Italy Nationalist Air Force 14
Werner Mölders Germany Condor Legion 14
Guido Presel Italy Nationalist Air Force 13
Wolfgang Schellman Germany Condor Legion 12
Harro Harder Germany Condor Legion 11
Andres Garcia de la Calle Spain Republican Air Force 11
Manuel Lopez Spain Republican Air Force 11
Peter Boddem Germany Condor Legion 10
Rudolphe de Henricourt Belgium Republican Air Force 10
Abel Guides France Republican Air Force 10
Frank Glasgow Tinker USA Republican Air Force 8

World War II

Aces of World War II
Name Country Service Victories Notes
Erich "Bubi" Hartmann Germany Luftwaffe 352
Gerhard Barkhorn Germany Luftwaffe 301
Günther Rall Germany Luftwaffe 275
Otto Kittel Germany Luftwaffe 267
Walter Nowotny Austria Luftwaffe 258
Wilhelm Batz Germany Luftwaffe 237
Erich Rudorffer Germany Luftwaffe 222
Heinz Bär Germany Luftwaffe 220 (16 Me-262)
Hermann Graf Germany Luftwaffe 212
Heinrich Ehrler Germany Luftwaffe 208
Theodor Weissenberger Germany Luftwaffe 208 (8 Me-262)
Hans Philipp Germany Luftwaffe 206
Walter Schuck Germany Luftwaffe 206
Anton Hafner Germany Luftwaffe 204
Helmut Lipfert Germany Luftwaffe 203
Walter Krupinski Germany Luftwaffe 197
Anton Hackl Germany Luftwaffe 192
Joachim Brendel Germany Luftwaffe 189
Max Stotz Germany Luftwaffe 189
Joachim Kirschner Germany Luftwaffe 188
Kurt Brändle Germany Luftwaffe 180
Günther Josten Germany Luftwaffe 178
Johannes Steinhoff Germany Luftwaffe 178
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert Germany Luftwaffe 174
Günther Schack Germany Luftwaffe 174
Emil Lang Germany Luftwaffe 173
Heinz Schmidt Germany Luftwaffe 173
Horst Ademeit Germany Luftwaffe 166
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke Germany Luftwaffe 162
Hans-Joachim Marseille Germany Luftwaffe 158
Heinrich Sturm Germany Luftwaffe 158
Gerhard Thyben Germany Luftwaffe 157
Hans Beisswenger Germany Luftwaffe 152
Peter Düttmann Germany Luftwaffe 152
Gordon M. Gollob Germany Luftwaffe 150
Fritz Tegtmeier Germany Luftwaffe 146
Albin Wolf Germany Luftwaffe 144
Kurt Tanzer Germany Luftwaffe 143
Friedrich-Karl Müller Germany Luftwaffe 140
Karl Gratz Germany Luftwaffe 138
Heinrich Setz Germany Luftwaffe 138
Rudolf Trenkel Germany Luftwaffe 138
Walter Wolfrum Germany Luftwaffe 137
Horst-Günther von Fassong Germany Luftwaffe 136
Otto Fönnekold Germany Luftwaffe 136
Karl-Heinz Weber Germany Luftwaffe 136
Joachim Muencheberg Germany Luftwaffe 135
Hans Waldmann Germany Luftwaffe 134
Alfred Grislawski Germany Luftwaffe 133
Franz Schall Germany Luftwaffe 133
Johannes Wiese Germany Luftwaffe 133
Adolf Borchers Germany Luftwaffe 132
Adolf Dickfeld Germany Luftwaffe 132
Erwin Clausen Germany Luftwaffe 132
Wilhelm Lemke Germany Luftwaffe 131
Gerhard Hoffmann Germany Luftwaffe 130
Franz Eisenach Germany Luftwaffe 129
Walther Dahl Germany Luftwaffe 129
Heinrich Sterr Germany Luftwaffe 129
Franz Dörr Germany Luftwaffe 128
Rudolf Rademacher Germany Luftwaffe 126
Josef Zwernemann Germany Luftwaffe 126
Dietrich Hrabak Germany Luftwaffe 125
Wolf Ettel Germany Luftwaffe 124
Herbert Ihlefeld Germany Luftwaffe 123
Wolfgang Tonne Germany Luftwaffe 122
Heinz Marquardt Germany Luftwaffe 121
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer Germany Luftwaffe 121
Robert Weiss Germany Luftwaffe 121
Erich Leie Germany Luftwaffe 121
Friedrich Obleser Germany Luftwaffe 120
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock Germany Luftwaffe 117
Hans-Joachim Birkner Germany Luftwaffe 117
Jakob Norz Germany Luftwaffe 117
Walter Oesau Germany Luftwaffe 117
Heinz Wernicke Germany Luftwaffe 117
August Lambert Germany Luftwaffe 116
Werner Mölders Germany Luftwaffe 115
Wilhelm Crinius Germany Luftwaffe 114
Werner Schroer Germany Luftwaffe 114
Hans Dammers Germany Luftwaffe 113
Berthold Korts Germany Luftwaffe 113
Helmut Lent Germany Luftwaffe 113
Kurt Bühligen Germany Luftwaffe 112
Kurt Ubben Germany Luftwaffe 110
Franz Woidich Germany Luftwaffe 110
Reinhard Seiler Germany Luftwaffe 109
Emil Bitsch Germany Luftwaffe 108
Hans Hahn (pilot) Germany Luftwaffe 108
Bernhard Vechtel Germany Luftwaffe 108
Viktor Bauer Germany Luftwaffe 106
Werner Lucas Germany Luftwaffe 106
Günther Lützow Germany Luftwaffe 105
Adolf Galland Germany Luftwaffe 104
Eberhard von Boremski Germany Luftwaffe 104
Heinz Sachsenberg Germany Luftwaffe 104
Hartmann Grasser Germany Luftwaffe 103
Siegfried Freytag Germany Luftwaffe 102
Friedrich Geisshardt Germany Luftwaffe 102
Egon Mayer Germany Luftwaffe 102
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann Germany Luftwaffe 102
Josef Wurmheller Germany Luftwaffe 102
Rudolf Miethig Germany Luftwaffe 101
Josef Priller Germany Luftwaffe 101
Ulrich Wernitz Germany Luftwaffe 101
Rudolf Müller Germany Luftwaffe 101
Ilmari Juutilainen Finland Finnish Air Force 94
Hiroyoshi Nishizawa Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 86
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein Germany Luftwaffe 83
Tetsuzo Iwamoto Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 80 (self claimed but clearly far exaggerated 202)
Hans Wind Finland Finnish Air Force 75
Erbo Graf von Kageneck Germany Luftwaffe 67
Saburo Sakai Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 60+
Ivan Kozhedub Soviet Union VVS 62
Aleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin Soviet Union VVS 59
Grigori Reschkalow Soviet Union VVS 58
Eino Luukkanen Finland Finnish Air Force 56
Wilhelm-Ferdinand Galland Germany Luftwaffe 55
Marmaduke 'Pat' Pattle South African Royal Air Force 51+
Urho Lehtovaara Finland Finnish Air Force 44½
Oiva Tuominen Finland Finnish Air Force 44
Alexandru Şerbănescu Romania Romanian Air Force 44
Constantine Cantacuzino Romania Romanian Air Force 43
Olli Puhakka Finland Finnish Air Force 42
Richard I. Bong USA Army Air Force 40
James Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson UK Royal Air Force 38
Olavi Puro Finland Finnish Air Force 36
Nils Katajainen Finland Finnish Air Force 35½
Thomas B. McGuire USA Army Air Forces 38
David McCampbell USA Navy 34
Toshio Ohta Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 34
Pierre Clostermann France Royal Air Force 23 (+9 probable)
Lauri Nissinen Finland Finnish Air Force 32½
George F. Beurling Canada Royal Air Force 31 1/3
Brendan Eamon Fergus "Paddy" Finucane Ireland Royal Air Force 32
Kyösti Karhila Finland Finnish Air Force 32
Adolph 'Sailor' Malan South Africa Royal Air Force 32
Jorma Karhunen Finland Finnish Air Force 31
Dezso Szengyorgyi Hungary Hungarian Air Force 30 1/2
Shoichi Sugita Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 30+
Kaneyoshi Mutoh Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 30
Emil Vesa Finland Finnish Air Force 29½
Robert Roland Stanford Tuck UK Royal Air Force 29
Bob Braham UK Royal Air Force 29
Clive Caldwell Australia Royal Australian Air Force 28½
Tapio Järvi Finland Finnish Air Force 28½
"Ginger" Lacy UK Royal Air Force 28
Francis "Gabby" Gabreski USA Army Air Forces 28 (+2.5 ground) +6.5 Korea
Robert S. Johnson USA Army Air Forces 27
Charles H. Macdonald USA Army Air Forces 27
Junichi Sasai Japan Imperial Japanese Navy 27
Klaus Alakoski Finland Finnish Air Force 26
Joseph J. Foss USA U.S. Marine Corps

26
Lajos Toth Hungary Royal Hungarian Air Force 26
Adriano Visconti Italy Italian Air Force 26
George E. Preddy, Jr. United States Army Air Force

25.8 (+5 ground)
Robert M. Hanson United States U.S. Marine Corps

25
Douglas Bader UK Royal Air Force 23
Gregory "Pappy" Boyington United States U.S. Marine Corps

AVG)
Cecil E. Harris USA Navy 24
John C. Meyer

United States Army Air Forces 24 (+13 ground) +2 Korea
Eugene A Valencia

United States Navy 23
Kalevi Tervo Finland Finnish Air Force 23
Jorma Saarinen Finland Finnish Air Force 23
Lance C. Wade USA Royal Air Force 23
Eero Kinnunen Finland Finnish Air Force 22½
David C. Schilling

United States Army Air Forces 22½ (+10½ ground)
Wing Commander Edward F. Charles Canada RCAF 22
Gerald R. Johnson

United States Army Air Forces 22
Neel E. Kearby

United States Army Air Forces 22
Jay T. Robbins

United States Army Air Forces 22
Stanislaw Skalski Poland Royal Air Force 22
Donald S. Gentile

United States Army Air Forces 21.83 (+7 ground )
Antti Tani Finland Finnish Air Force 21½
Frederick J. Christensen

United States Army Air Forces 21½
Raymond S. Wetmore

United States Army Air Forces 21.25 (+2 ground)
John J. Voll

United States Army Air Forces 21
Kenneth A. Walsh

United States U.S. Marine Corps 21
Paavo Myllylä Finland Finnish Air Force 21
Walker M. Mahurin

United States Army Air Forces 20.75 (+3.5 Korea)
Karel Kuttelwascher Czechoslovakia Royal Air Force 20
Donald N. Aldrich United States U.S. Marine Corps

20
Thomas J. Lynch United States Army Air Forces

20
Squadron Leader Henry W. McLeod Canada RCAF 20 (KIA)
Robert B. Westbrook United States Army Air Forces

20
Viktor Pyötsiä Finland Finnish Air Force 19½
Väinö Suhonen Finland Finnish Air Force 19½
John "Cat's Eyes" Cunningham UK Royal Air Force 19 (mainly as nightfighter)
Glenn E. Duncan United States Army Air Forces

19 (+7.8 ground)
Patrick D. Fleming United States Navy

19
Cornelius N. Nooy USA Navy 19
John L. Smith United States U.S. Marine Corps

19
Alexander Vraciu United States Navy

19
Erik Teromaa Finland Finnish Air Force 19
Arthur J. Benko USA Army Air Forces 18½ gunner
Marion E. Carl USA U.S. Marine Corps 18½
Lauri Pekuri Finland Finnish Air Force 18½
Leonard K. Carson USA Army Air Forces 18½ (+3.5 ground)
Glenn T. Eagleson USA Army Air Forces 18½ (+5 ground) +2 Korea
Wilbur J. Thomas USA U.S. Marine Corps 18½
Witold Urbanowicz Poland Royal Air Force 18
Walter C. Beckham USA Army Air Forces 18
Herschel H. Green USA Army Air Forces 18
John C. Herbst

United States Army Air Forces 18
Charles H. Older USA Army Air Forces 18 (10 AVG)
Hubert Zemke

United States Army Air Forces 17.75
John B. England USA Army Air Forces 17.5
Duane W. Beeson United States Army Air Forces

17.33 (+4.8 ground)
Jouko Huotari Finland Finnish Air Force 17½
John F. Thornell USA Army Air Forces 17.25 (+2 ground)
Henry W. Brown USA Army Air Forces 17.2 (+14½ gground)
Josef Frantisek Czechoslovakia Polish Air Force and RAF 17
Jorma Sarvanto Finland Finnish Air Force 17
Yrjö Turkka Finland Finnish Air Force 17
Gerald W. Johnson USA Army Air Forces 17
James H. Varnell USA Army Air Forces 17
Keith Truscott Australia Royal Australian Air Force 17
Alois Vasatko Czechoslovakia RAF 17
Eugeniusz Horbaczewski Poland Royal Air Force 16½
Squadron Leader William T. Klersey Canada RCAF 16½
Aulis Lumme Finland Finnish Air Force 16½
Eero Riihikallio Finland Finnish Air Force 16½
John T. Godfrey USA Army Air Forces 16.33 (+18 ground)
Clarence E. Anderson USA Army Air Forces 16.25 (+1 ground)
Bolesław Gładych Poland USAAF 16
Douglas Baker USA Navy 16
Wing Commander James F. Edwards Canada RCAF 16
Eero Halonen Finland Finnish Air Force 16
Bill Harris USA Army Air Forces 16
Wing Commander Robert W. McNair Canada RCAF 16
Ira C. Kepford USA Navy 16
Charles R. Stimpson USA Navy 16
Group Captain P. S. Turner Canada RCAF 16
George S. Welch USA Army Air Forces 16
Donald M. Beerbower USA Army Air Forces 15½
Richard A. Peterson USA Army Air Forces 15½ (+3½ ground)
William T. Whisner, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 15½(+3½ ground) +5 1/2 Korea
James E. Swett USA U.S. Marine Corps 15.5
John Waddy Australian Royal Australian Air Force 15½
William T. Whisner, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 15½ (+3½ ground) + 5.5 Korea
David Lee "Tex" Hill USA USAAF 15.25 (10.25 AVG)
Martti Alho Finland Finnish Air Force 15
Jack T. Bradley USA Army Air Forces 15
Samuel J. Brown USA Army Air Forces 15
Edward Cragg USA Army Air Forces 15
William D. Dunham USA Army Air Forces 15
Robert W. Foy USA Army Air Forces 15
Ralph K. Hofer USA Army Air Forces 15 (+14 ground)
Cyril F. Homer USA Army Air Forces 15
Harold L. Spears USA U.S. Marine Corps 15
Donald H. Bochkay USA Army Air Forces 14.84
Donald J. Blakeslee USA Army Air Forces 14½ (incl 3 RAF)
John D. Landers USA Army Air Forces 14½ (+20 ground)
Aaro Nuorala Finland Finnish Air Force 14½
Joseph H. Powers, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 14½
Johnnie Checketts NZ Royal New Zealand Air Force 14½
Bruce W. Carr USA Army Air Forces 14 (+10 ground)
Robert C. Curtis USA Army Air Forces 14
Kenneth H. Dahlberg USA Army Air Forces 14
Robert M. DeHaven USA Army Air Forces 14
Archie G. Donahue USA U.S. Marine Corps 14
Wallace N. Emmer USA Army Air Forces 14
James A. Goodson USA Army Air Forces 14 (+13 ground)
Arthur R. Hawkins USA Navy 14
Pat Hughes Australia Royal Australian Air Force 14
Arthur F. Jeffrey USA Army Air Forces 14
Edward O. McComas USA Army Air Forces 14
Elbert S. McCuskey USA Navy 14
Daniel T. Roberts, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 14
Hans-Ulrich Rudel Germany Luftwaffe 14
John L. Wirth USA Navy 14
George C. Duncan USA Navy 13½
Pekka Kokko Finland Finnish Air Force 13½
Heimo Lampi Finland Finnish Air Force 13½
Roger W. Mehle USA Navy 13½
Charlie Scherf Australia Royal Australian Air Force 13½
Donald J. Strait USA Army Air Forces 13½
George Carpenter USA Army Air Forces 13.4 (+4 ground)
Donald S. Bryan USA Army Air Forces 13.34
James L. Brooks USA Army Air Forces 13
Jan Zumbach Poland Polish Air Force 13
Daniel A. Carmichael, Jr. USA Navy 13
James N. Cupp USA U.S. Marine Corps 13
Clyde B. East USA Army Air Forces 13
Robert E. Galer USA U.S. Marine Corps 13
John F. Hampshire USA Army Air Forces 13
Bruce K. Holloway USA Army Air Forces 13
William P. Marontate USA U.S. Marine Corps 13
Willard. W. Millikan USA Army Air Forces 13 (+2 ground)
Glennon T. Moran USA Army Air Forces 13 (+3 ground)
Robert Neale USA American Volunteer Group 13 (+2.5 ground)
Robin Olds USA Army Air Forces 13 (+11 ground +4 Vietnam)
Yrjö Pallasvuo Finland Finnish Air Force 13
Harry A. Parker USA Army Air Forces 13
Roy W. Rushing USA Navy 13
Edward O. Shaw USA U.S. Marine Corps 13
Robert W. Stephens USA Army Air Forces 13
John R. Strane USA Navy 13
Wendell V. Twelves USA Navy 13
Felix D. Williamson USA Army Air Forces 13
Henryk Pietrzak Poland Royal Air Force 12½
Lasse Aaltonen Finland Finnish Air Force 12½
Lowell K. Brueland USA Air Force 12½ (+2 Korea)
Kenneth D. Frazier USA U.S. Marine Corps 12½
Eino Koskinen Finland Finnish Air Force 12½
Onni Paronen Finland Finnish Air Force 12½
Urho Sarjamo Finland Finnish Air Force 12½
Per-Erik Sovelius Finland Finnish Air Force 12½
James C. Stewart USA Army Air Forces 12½ (+1 ground)
Quince L. Brown USA Army Air Forces 12.33 (+2 ground)
Leo Ahokas Finland Finnish Air Force 12
Michael Brezas USA Army Air Forces 12
Levi R. Chase USA Army Air Forces 12
Clement M. Craig USA Navy 12
David B. Eastham USA Army Air Forces 12
Loren D. Everton USA U.S. Marine Corps 12
George W. Gleason USA Army Air Forces 12 (+2.5 ground)
Leroy E. Harris USA Navy 12
Coatsworth B. Head, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 12
Roger R. Hedrick USA Navy 12
William E. Henry USA Navy 12
Howard D. Hively USA Army Air Forces 12 (+2.5 ground)
Kenneth G. Ladd USA Army Air Forces 12
Lydia Litvak Soviet Union Soviet Air Force 12
William J. Masoner, Jr. USA Navy 12
Pierce W. McKennon USA Army Air Forces 12 (+9.7 ground)
Robert W. Moore USA Army Air Forces 12
Michael J. Quirk USA Army Air Forces 12 (+5 ground)
LeRoy A. Schreiber USA Army Air Forces 12 (+2 ground)
Harold E. Segal USA U.S. Marine Corps 12
James A. Shirley USA Navy 12
Norman C. Skogstad USA Army Air Forces 12
William J. Sloan USA Army Air Forces 12
Eugene A. Trowbridge USA Army Air Forces 12
Richard E. Turner USA Army Air Forces 12 (11?) (incl 2 V-1)
James A. Watkins USA Army Air Forces 12
Richard L. West USA Army Air Forces 12
Nicholas Megura USA Army Air Forces 11.84 (+3.8 ground)
George R. Carr USA Navy 11½
James A. Clark, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 11½ (+4.5 ground)
Paul A. Conger USA Army Air Forces 11½
Olin E. Gilbert USA Army Air Forces 11½
William T. Halton USA Army Air Forces 11½ (+2 ground)
John A. Kirla, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 11½ (+.5 ground)
William N. Snider USA U.S. Marine Corps 11½
Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager USA Army Air Forces

11½
Louis H. Norley USA Army Air Forces 11.3 (+5 ground)
Philip C. DeLong USA Marine Corps 11.2 (+2 Korea)
Frederick E. Bakutis USA Navy 11
Harold W. Bauer USA U.S. Marine Corps 11
John T. Blackburn USA Navy 11
Katya Budanova Soviet Union Soviet Air Force 11
William A. Dean, Jr. USA Navy 11
Geoff Fisken New Zealand Royal New Zealand Air Force 11
Carl M. Frantz USA Army Air Forces 11
James B. French USA Navy 11
Robert J. Goebel USA Army Air Forces 11
Phillip L. Kirkwood USA Navy 11
John B. Lawler USA Army Air Forces 11
Robert J. Goebel USA Army Air Forces 11
Hemmo Leino Finland Finnish Air Force 11
Francis J. Lent USA Army Air Forces 11
Leland P. Holland USA Army Air Forces 11
William L. Leverette USA Army Air Forces 11
John S. Loisel USA Army Air Forces 11
Wayne L. Lowry USA Army Air Forces 11
Charles M. Mallory USA Navy 11
Charles M. McCorkle USA Army Air Forces 11
Norman L. McDonald USA Army Air Forces 11
Hamilton McWhorter III USA Navy 11
John W. Mitchell USA Air Force 11 (+4 Korea)
Urho Nieminen Finland Finnish Air Force 11
James V. Reber, Jr. USA Navy 11
Elmer W. Richardson USA Army Air Forces 11 (8?)
Robert H. Riddle USA Army Air Forces 11
James F. Rigg USA Navy 11
Donald E. Runyon USA Navy 11
Donald H. Sapp USA U.S. Marine Corps 11
Murray Shubin USA Army Air Forces 11
Cornelius Smith, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 11
Kenneth C. Sparks USA Army Air Forces 11
Richard E. Stanbrook USA Navy 11
Ilkka Törrönen Finland Finnish Air Force 11
Stanley W. Vejtasa USA Navy 11
George T. Burgard USA AVG 10.75
Frank Q. O'Conner USA Army Air Forces 10.75
Charles F. Anderson, Jr. USA Army Air Forces 10½ (+5½ ground)
Mirosław Ferić Poland [[Polish Air Force] 10½
Marshall U. Beebe USA Navy 10½
George F. Ceulleers USA Army Air Forces 10½
Jack E. Conger USA U.S. Marine Corps 10½
George A. Doersch USA Army Air Forces 10½ (+½ ground)
Niilo Erkinheimo Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
William J. Hovde USA Army Air Forces 10½ (+2 ground +4 Korea)
Martti Kalima Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Kullervo Lahtela Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Raymond H. Littge USA Army Air Force 10½
Kullervo Lahtela Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Raymond H. Littge USA Army Air Forces 10½ (+13 ground)
Raymond H. Littge USA AVG 10½
Kai Metsola Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Edward Rector USA AVG 10½ (6.5 AVG)
Russell E. Reiserer USA Navy 10½
John A. Storch USA Army Air Force 10½ (+1½ ground)
John C. Symmes USA Navy 10½
John V. Newkirk USA AVG 10½
Kai Metsola Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Eino Peltola Finland Finnish Air Force 10½
Robert E. Murray USA Navy 10.4
Ralph E. Elliot USA Navy 10.3
Fred W. Glover USA Army Air Force 10.3 (+12.5 ground)
William D. McGarry USA AVG 10.25
Robert W. Aschenbrenner USA Army Air Force 10
Frank B. Baldwin USA USMC 10
Wayne K. Blickenstaff USA Army Air Force 10
Joseph E. Broadhead USA Army Air Force 10
Carl A. Brown, Jr. USA Navy 10
Thaddeus T. Coleman USA Navy 10
William K. Giroux USA Army Air Force 10
Walter J. Goehausen, Jr. USA Army Air Force 10
Ernest A. Harris USA Army Air Force 10
Alwin M. Juchheim USA Army Air Force 10 (+6 ground)
Walter J. Goehausen, Jr. USA Army Air Force 10
Veikko Karu Finland Finnish Air Force 10
Mauno Kirjonen Finland Finnish Air Force 10
Ahti Laitinen Finland Finnish Air Force 10
Herbert H. Long USA USMC 10
Edward E. Lines USA Army Air Force 10
Thomas H. Mann, Jr. USA USMC 10
Joseph L. Mansker USA Army Air Force 10
Harris E. Mitchell USA Navy 10
Mikko Pasila Finland Finnish Air Force 10
Robert J. Rankin USA Army Air Force 10
Thomas H. Reidy USA Navy 10
Andrew J. Reynolds USA Army Air Force 10
Robert L. Scott, Jr. USA Army Air Force 10
Arthur Singer, Jr. USA Navy 10
John M. Smith USA Navy 10
Paul M. Stanch USA Army Air Force 10
Elliot Summer USA Army Air Force 10
James S. Swope USA Navy 10
Robert V. Westermark USA Army Air Force 10
Fletcher E. Adams USA Army Air Force
Ernest. E. Bankey, Jr. USA Army Air Force 9½ (+8 ground)
Leonard J. Check USA Navy
Ernest C. Fiebelkorn USA Army Air Force 9½((9?) (+2 ground)
Dale F. Spencer USA Army Air Force 9½ (+½ ground)
Robert C. Coats USA Navy 9.33
Charles R. Bond USA AVG 9.25
Stephen W. Andrew USA Army Air Force 9 (+6½ ground)
William M. Banks USA Army Air Force
Edgar R. Bassett USA Navy 9
Norman R. Berree USA Navy 9
William R. Beyer USA Army Air Force 9
George E. Bostwick USA Army Air Force 9 (+6 ground)
Mark K. Bright USA Navy 9
Paul D. Buie USA Navy 9
Henry A. Carey, Jr. USA Army Air Force 9
Frederick F. Champlin USA Army Air Force 9
Frank J. Collins USA Army Air Force 9 (8?)
William M. Collins, Jr. USA Navy 9
Richard L. Cormier USA Navy 9
Louis E. Curdes USA Army Air Force 9
Perry A. Dahl USA Army Air Force 9
James B. Dalglish USA Army Air Force 9 (incl 3 V-1s)
Jefferson J. DeBlanc USA USMC 9
Richard W. Dunkin USA Army Air Force 9
Richard T. Eastmond USA Navy 9
Robert A. Elder USA Army Air Force 9 (+2 ground)
Eugene H. Emmons USA Army Air Force 9
Grover E. Fanning USA Army Air Force 9
Edward L. Feightner USA Navy 9
Sylvan Feld USA Army Air Force 9
Joseph M. Forester USA Army Air Force 9
Marvin J. Franger USA Navy 9
Doris C. Freeman USA Navy 9
Kenneth W. Gallup USA Army Air Force 9 (+2 ground)
Thomas S. Harris USA Navy 9
Frederick R. Haviland, Jr. USA Army Air Force 9 (+6 ground)
Allen E. Hill USA Army Air Force 9
Frank D. Hurlburt USA Army Air Force 9 gunner?
George C. Kiser USA Army Air Force 9
Joseph J. Lesicka USA Army Air Force 9
Christopher L. Magee USA USMC 9
Louis A. Menard, Jr. USA Navy 9
Virgil K. Merony USA Army Air Force 9
Stanley B. Morrill USA Army Air Force 9
Edmund F. Overend USA USMC 9 (5 AVG)
Lloyd J. Overfield USA Army Air Force 9
Joel B. Paris III USA Army Air Force 9
Harvey P. Picken USA Navy 9
Eugene D. Redmond USA Navy 9
William N. Reed USA Army Air Forces 9 (3 AVG)
Daniel R. Rehm, Jr. USA Navy 9
Eugene P. Roberts USA Army Air Force 9
Meryl M. Smith USA Army Air Force 9
Robert T. Smith USA AVG 9
James S. Stewart USA Navy 9
John S. Stewart USA Army Air Force 9
Franklin C. Thomas, Jr. USA USMC 9
Arthur van Haren, Jr. USA Navy 9
Benjamin F. Warmer USA Army Air Force 9 gunner
Robert H. White USA Army Air Force 9
Judge E. Wolfe USA Army Air Force 9
Charles E. Watts USA Navy 8.75
Zdzisław Henneberg Poland Polish Air Force
John L. Banks USA Navy
William E. Bryan, Jr. USA Army Air Force
James B. Cain USA Navy
Charles J. Cesky USA Army Air Force
Oscar I. Chenoweth USA Navy
Arthur Chin Republic of China National Revolutionary Army
Frank A. Cutler USA Army Air Force 8½ (+3 ground)
Carl C. Foster USA Navy
John F. Gray USA Navy
Everett G. Hargreaves USA Navy
Thomas L. Hayes, Jr. USA Army Air Force
John H. Hoefker USA Army Air Force
Otto D. Jenkins USA Army Air Force 8½ (+2 ground)
Arthur G. Johnson USA Army Air Force
Frank L. Lawlor USA AVG
Gregory K. Loesch USA USMC
Carl J. Luksic USA Army Air Force 8½ (+7 ground)
Donald McDowell USA Army Air Force
Bernard J. McGrattan USA Army Air Force
Sanford K. Moats USA Army Air Force
John L. Morgan, Jr. USA USMC
George W. Pigman USA Navy
Claude W. Plant USA Navy
Albert L. Schlegel USA Army Air Force
Larry R. Self USA Navy
James H. Howard USA Army Air Forces 8.33 (2.33 AVG)
Franklin T. Gabriel USA Navy 8.25
George B. McMillan USA Army Air Force 8.25 (+1 ground)
John M. Ainlay USA Army Air Force 8 (7?)
John R. Alison USA Army Air Force 8
David W. Allen USA Army Air Force 8
Frederick A. Bardshar USA Navy 8
Lloyd G. Barnard USA Navy 8
Walter G. Benz, Jr. USA Army Air Force 8
William J. Bonneau USA Navy 8
Robert J. Booth USA Army Air Force 8
Roy O. Burnett, Jr. USA USN 8
Walter J. Carroll, Jr. USA Army Air Force 8
William N. Case USA USMC 8
J. D. Collinsworth USA Army Air Force 8 (6?)
Arthur W. Cruikshank USA Army Air Force 8
Fernley H. Damstrom USA Army Air Force 8
John F. Dobbin USA USMC 8
Landis E. Doner USA Navy 8
Frederick J. Dorsch USA Army Air Force 8
Walter F. Duke USA Army Air Force 8
William C. Edens USA Army Air Force 8 (+3 ground)
John L. Elder USA Army Air Force 8 (+13 ground)
Eric A. Evenson USA Navy 8
Arthur C. Fielder, Jr. USA Army Air Force 8
Francis M. Fleming USA Navy 8
James M. Fowle USA Army Air Force 8
William A. Gardner USA Army Air Force 8
Frank Gaunt USA Army Air Force 8 (7?)
Francis R. Gerard USA Army Air Force 8
Clement D. Gile USA Navy 8
Maxwell H. Glenn USA Army Air Force 8 (5?) (+3 ground)
Mathew M. Gordon USA Army Air Force 8
Richard J. Griffin USA Navy 8
Leroy V. Grosshuesch USA Army Air Force 8
Fred E. Gutt USA USMC 8
Mayo A. Hadden, Jr. USA Navy 8
Frederick A. Harris USA Army Air Force 8
Kenneth F. Hart USA Army Air Force 8
Edwin J. Herman (or Hernan), Jr. USA USMC 8
George L. Hollowell USA USMC 8
Jack E. Ilfrey USA Army Air Force 8
Michael J. Jackson USA Army Air Force 8 (+5½ ground)
Byron M. Johnson USA Navy 8
John M. Johnson USA Navy 8
John L. Jones USA Army Air Force 8
Claiborne H. Kinnard USA Army Air Force 8 (+17 ground)
Charles M. Kunz USA USMC 8
William N. Leonard USA Navy 8
William H. Lewis USA Army Air Force 8
Elvin L. Lindsay USA Navy 8
Thomas E. Maloney USA Army Air Force 8 (7?)
William R. Maxwell USA Navy 8
Earl May, Jr. USA Navy 8
Johnnie G. Miller USA Navy 8
William W. Momyer USA Army Air Force 8
Douglas W. Mulcahey USA Navy 8
Alva C. Murphy USA Army Air Force 8
Joseph L. Narr USA USMC 8
George P. Novotny USA Army Air Force 8
John G. O'Neill USA Army Air Force 8
Edward M. Owen USA Navy 8
Nathan T. Post USA USMC 8
Luther D. Prater, Jr. USA Navy 8
Edward F. Roddy USA Army Air Force 8
Robert R. Rowland USA Army Air Force 8
Philip Sangermano (FO) USA Army Air Force 8
Charles W. Sawyer USA Army Air Force 8 (2.25 AVG)
Glenn D. Schlitz USA Army Air Force 8
David A. Scott USA Navy 8 (9?)
Dale E. Shafer USA Army Air Force 8
Robert M. Shaw USA Army Air Force 8
William A. Shomo USA Army Air Force 8
Robert H. Smith USA Army Air Force 8
Gordon A. Stanley USA Navy 8
Arland Stanton USA Army Air Force 8
John L. Sublett USA Army Air Force 8
James B. Tapp USA Army Air Force 8
Philip E. Tovrea USA Army Air Force 8
James O. Tyler USA Army Air Force 8
John W. Vogt, Jr. USA Army Air Force 8
Boyd D. "Buzz" Wagner USA Army Air Force 8 [#endnote_Wagner]
Victor E. Warford USA Army Air Force 8
Arthur T. Warner USA USMC 8
Charles E. Weaver USA Army Air Force 8 (+3 ground)
Theodore H. Winters, Jr. USA Navy 8
Sydney S. Woods USA Army Air Force 7
Donald K. Yost USA USMC 8
Joseph L. Lang USA Army Air Force 7.83
Everett W. Stewart USA Army Air Force 7.83
Howard M. Burriss USA Navy
Darrell S. Cramer USA Army Air Force
Kenneth J. Dahms USA Navy
Robert A. Dibb USA Navy 7
Edward H. "Butch" O'Hare USA Navy 7
Gordon M. Graham USA Army Air Forces 7
Gordon B. Compton USA Army Air Forces 5½ (+15 ground)
Kenneth A. Jernstedt USA AVG 5 (+ 7 ground)

Korean War

Aces of the Korean War
Name Country Service Victories
Nikolay Sutyagin Soviet Union VVS 21
Yevgeny Pepelyaev Soviet Union VVS 19
Capt. Joseph C. McConnell USA Air Force 16
Major James Jabara USA Air Force 15
Capt. Manuel J. "Pete" Fernandez USA Air Force 14.5
Maj. George A. Davis USA Air Force 14 (+7 WW2)
Lev Shchukin Soviet Union VVS 13
Sergei Kramarenko Soviet Union VVS 13
Iven C. Kincheloe Jr. USA Air Force
Col. Vermont Garrison USA Air Force 10 (+7.33 WW2)
Col. James P. Hagerstrom USA Air Force 8.5 (+6 WW2)
Baotong Zhao China PVA 7
Col. John F. Bolt USA USMC 6 (+6 WW2)
Yudi Liu China PVA 6
Daoping Jiang China PVA 5
Decai Han China PVA 5
Col. Harrison R. Thyng USA Air Force 5 (+6 WW2)

Vietnam War

Aces of the Vietnam War
Name Country Service Victories
Nguyen Toon, aka "Colonel Tomb"1 North Vietnam Air Force 13
Nguyen Van Coc North Vietnam Air Force 9
Mai Van Cuong North Vietnam Air Force 8
Nguyen Van Bay North Vietnam Air Force 7
Vadim Petrovich Shchbakov Soviet Union PVO Strany2 6
Charles B. DeBellevue USA Air Force 6
Randall "Duke" Cunningham/ William P. Driscoll USA Navy3 5
Steve Ritchie USA Air Force3 5

1existence disputed - reportedly shot down by Randy "Duke" Cunningham and William Driscoll 10 May 1972

2Advisor to NVPAF

3Cunningham and Ritchie were the only USA pilot aces of the Vietnam conflict.

Arab-Israeli Wars

Aces of the Arab-Israeli Wars
Name Country Service Victories
Abraham Shalman Israel Air Force 19
Oded Marom Israel Air Force 18
Col. (Res.) Giora Epstein Israel Air Force 17
Yiftah Spector Israel Air Force 15
Amir Nahumi Israel Air Force 15
Majid Zugbi Syria Air Force 6
Djur Abid Adib Syria Air Force 5
Majad Halabi Syria Air Force 5

Indo-Pakistani Wars

Disputed Air Aces of the Indo-Pakistani Wars
Name Country Service War Victories
Muhammad Mehmood Alam Pakistan Air Force 1965 4-5 1

1 PAF claims 5 confirmed kills, while the IAF insists that it was only 4 confirmed kills.

Sources

[Alam’s Speed-shooting Classic by Air Commodore M Kaiser]

[30 Seconds over Sargodha - The making of a myth by Rakesh Koshy]

Laying the Sargodha Ghost to Rest, Vayu Aerospace Review, 1985

See also

Notes

  1.  
  2.  Disputed. Boyington probably had two air-to-air victories in the AVG (Olynyk).
  3.  First U.S. ace of WWII

 


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