Four Modernizations
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The Four Modernizations (Simplified Chinese: }}}; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) were the goals of Deng Xiaoping’s reforms. They were first introduced by Zhou Enlai in September, 1967 at the Fourth National People's Congress. The Four Modernizations were in the fields of:
These reforms essentially stressed economic self-reliance. The People's Republic of China decided to accelerate the modernization process by stepping up the volume of foreign trade by opening up its markets, especially the purchase of machinery from Japan and the West. By participating in such export-led growth, China was able to speed up its economic development through foreign investment, a more open market, access to advanced technologies, and management experience.
Further reading
- Hsu, Immanuel. Rise of Modern China. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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