French National Police
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The National Police (Police Nationale) is one of two national police forces and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. The other main agency is the military Gendarmerie, with primary jurisdiction in smaller towns and rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and has about 150,000 employees.
The National Police operate mostly in large cities and towns. In that context:
- it conducts security operations (patrols, traffic control, identity checks...)
- under supervision of the judiciary, it conducts criminal enquiries, serves search warrants, etc.; it maintains specific services ("judiciary police") for criminal enquiries.
Ranks
The National Police is divided into three corps, in the terminology of the French Civil Service, in ascending order of seniority:
- The Corps de maîtrise et d'application (Authority and Enforcement Corps) corresponds approximately to the enlisted and non-commissioned ranks in a military force, or to constables and sergeants in a British-style civil police force.
- * Gardien de la paix stagiaire ("guardian of the peace, intern")
- * Gardien de la paix ("guardian of the peace")
- * Sous-brigadier
- * Brigadier
- * Brigadier-chef
- * Brigadier-major
- The Corps de commande et d'encadrement (Command and Management Corps) corresponds approximately to the lower commissioned ranks of a military force, or to grades of inspector in a British-style civil police force. These ranks were previously known as inspecteurs if detectives or officiers de la paix if uniformed, although CRS officers always used the current ranks.
- * Lieutenant student
- * Lieutenant intern
- * Lieutenant (formerly Officier de la paix or Inspecteur)
- * Capitaine (formerly Officer de la paix principal or Inspecteur principal)
- * Commandant (formerly Commandant or Inspecteur divisionnaire)
- The Corps de conception et de direction (Conception and Direction Corps) corresponds approximately to the higher commissioned ranks of a military force, or to grades of superintendent and chief officers in a British-style civil police force.
- * Commissaire de police (Police Commissioner)
- * Commissaire principal (Principal Commissioner)
- * Commissaire divisionnaire (Divisional Commissioner)
- * Contrôleur général (Controller General)
- * Inspecteur général (Inspector General)
- * Directeur des services actifs (Director of the Active Services)
The powers of making a full arrest, hearing suspects, overseeing searches ordered by the judiciary, etc. are restricted to members of the police or the gendarmerie with the qualification of "officer of judiciary police" (officier de police judiciaire or OPJ). Other officers are only "agents of judiciary police" (agents de police judiciaire or APJ) and have only limited competences, restricted to assisting the officers. See Police in France.
Organization
The police is divided into directorates [link]:- Direction de l'administration de la police nationale (Directorate of Administration of the National Police; DAPN)
- Direction de la formation de police nationale (Directorate of Training of the National Police; DFPN)
- Direction centrale de la police judiciaire (Central Directorate of Judicial Police; DCPJ) – major criminal investigations (known as "36 Quai des Orfèvres" in Paris)
- Direction centrale de la sécurité publique (Central Directorate of Public Security; DCSP) - uniformed patrol and response
- Direction de la surveillance du territoire (Directorate of Territorial Surveillance; DST) - counter-intelligence
- Direction centrale de la police aux frontières (Central Directorate of Border Police; DCPAF)
- Direction centrale des renseignements généraux (Central Directorate of General Information; DCRG) - records and research
- Inspection générale de la police nationale (Inspectorate General of the National Police; IPGN) - headed by the Inspector General and responsible for internal affairs
- Direction centrale des compagnies républicaines de sécurité (Central Directorate of the Republican Security Companies; DCCRS) - riot policeCommonly called the CRS.
- Service de coopération technique internationale de police (Technical International Police Co-operation Service; SCTIP)
- Service de protection des hautes personnalités (Important Persons Protection Service; SPHP) - VIP protection, although the President of France is protected by the French Gendarmerie
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