George Kenney
Encyclopedia : G : GE : GEO : George Kenney
-->George Churchill Kenney (August 6, 1889 - August 9, 1977) was one of the most brilliant and successful United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II. He excelled in his role as commander of the Allied air forces in the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) from August 1942 until 1945, and became a legend for his development of the highly successful skip-bombing and low-level strafing tactics used by his Fifth and Thirteenth Air Forces against Japanese land and naval units in that theater.
Early life
Kenney was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts, and graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In June 1917, he enlisted as a flying cadet in the U.S. Army Signal Corps Aviation Section and was instructed by noted aviator Bert Acosta. As a lieutenant during World War I, Kenney flew 75 combat missions and shot down two German aircraft while serving with the 91st Aero Squadron. (It is believed that one of the two German pilots he shot down may have been Hermann Göring, later the head of the Luftwaffe in World War II.) After the war, he remained for a time with the Allied occupation forces in Germany. He was promoted to Captain in 1919 and was appointed commander of the 91st Aero Squadron.During the 1920s and 1930s, Kenney attended the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and graduated from the Army War College in Washington, D.C. He was also involved in surveying airfield sites in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Kenney was active in aeronautical research and development during this period, and pioneered the use of machine guns mounted in the wings of Army Air Corps pursuit planes.
By 1939, Kenney, now a Lieutenant Colonel, commanded the Air Corps Experimental Division and Engineering School at Wright Field, Ohio. In 1940 he went to France as U.S. Assistant military attaché for Air to observe Allied air operations during the early stages of World War II. As a result of his observations, he recommended many important changes to U.S. Air Corps combat tactics. In 1941, Kenney was promoted to brigadier general and was made commander of the Fourth Air Force, a training unit based in California.
World War II
In August 1942, as a major general, Kenney took over command of both the Allied Air Forces in the SWPA and the newly-formed US Fifth Air Force, thereby becoming the senior Allied air officer under overall theater commander General Douglas MacArthur. Initially from his headquarters in Brisbane, Australia, and later from New Guinea and the Philippines, Kenney commanded American, Royal Australian Air Force, British Royal Air Force and Dutch air units. He skillfully and effectively directed the air war against Japanese positions in and around New Guinea (including the surrounding islands), the Dutch East Indies, Borneo, and the Philippines. Units under Kenney's command also took part in the Battles of Iwo Jima and the Okinawa. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1944.One of the most successful air operations directed by Kenney was the destruction of a major Japanese reinforcement fleet during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in 1943. The loss of this huge armada, loaded with supplies and troops, ended Japanese hopes of retaining control of New Guinea.
Post-war
Kenney received the four stars of a full general on March 9, 1945 and, after World War II, served in Europe as a staff officer. In April 1946 he became the first commander of the Strategic Air Command, but he spent little time developing its potential. Like many senior airmen, he was more concerned with the political battle surrounding establishment of an independent air force. Kenney departed SAC in 1948, leaving Curtis E. LeMay to build the command into a world-class military organization.Kenney completed his service as commander of the Air University. During a career which spanned over 30 years, Kenney was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross with one oak leaf cluster, the Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Purple Heart, and several foreign decorations. After his retirement in 1951, General Kenney lived in Bay Harbor Islands, Florida, where he died in 1977.
General Kenney wrote three books about the air campaigns he led during World War II. His masterpiece was "General Kenney Reports", a personal history of the SWPA air war from 1942 to 1945. He also wrote "The Saga of Pappy Gunn" and "Dick Bong: Ace of Aces", which praised the bravery and accomplishments of two of his star performers.
External links
- [Arlington Cemetery, 2003, "George Churchill Kenney – General, United States Air Force"]
- [Lt Col. Kent L. Manuel, 1996, "General Kenney as a strategic leader"]
- [Ken's Men: 5th AAF 43rd BG] website of the 43rd Bomb Group of the 5th Army Air Force, the Group known as "Ken's Men" in honor of their leader, General Kenney
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.