German Panzer Army Africa
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As the number of German armed forces committed to the North Africa Campaign of World War II grew from the initial commitment of a small corps the Germans developed a more elaborate command structure and placed the now larger Afrika Korps, with Italian units under this new German command structure, a session of different German commands were created to manage the Axis assets in Africa:
- Panzer Group Africa, (Panzergruppe Afrika) August 1941 – January 1942
- Panzer Army Africa, (Panzerarmee Afrika) January 1942 – October 1942
- German-Italian Panzer Army, (Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee) October 1942 – February 1943
- Army Group Africa, (Heeresgruppe Afrika) February 1943 – May 1943
- 1 Panzer Group Africa
- 2 Panzer Army Africa
- 3 German-Italian Panzer Army
- 4 Army Group Africa
- 5 Order of battle
- 5.1 Order of battle of Panzer Group Africa
- 5.2 Order of battle of Panzer Army Africa
- 5.3 Order of battle of the German-Italian Panzer Army
- 5.4 Order of battle of Army Group Africa
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Footnotes
Panzer Group Africa
After the initial campaign when Rommel was technically under the command of the Italians, the German Armed Forces High Command (German acronym OKW) created a larger command structure in Africa, creating a new headquarters called Panzer Group Africa (Panzergruppe Afrika). On August 15 1941 Panzer Group Africa was activated with Rommel in command, and command of the Afrika Korps was turned over to Ludwig Crüwell. The Panzer Group controlled the Afrika Korps plus some additional German units that were sent to Africa, as well as two corps of Italian units.
Panzer Army Africa
Panzer Group Africa was redesignated as Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika) on January 30 1942.A German Panzer group was an army-level headquarters. As the war progressed all of the Panzer groups were redesignated as Panzer armies.
German-Italian Panzer Army
Panzer Army Africa was redesignated as German-Italian Panzer Army (Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee) in October 1942 during the long retreat after the defeat at the Second Battle of El Alamein during the Western Desert Campaign .
Army Group Africa
In February 1943 the headquarters was upgraded to Army Group Africa (Heeresgruppe Afrika) to manage the defense of Tunisia during the final stages of the North African Campaign, its combat units – including the Afrika Korps – were turned over to the Italian First Army. Command of the Army Group was turned over to Hans Jürgen von Arnim in March, and it surrendered on May 13 1943, ending the Axis presence in Africa.
Order of battle
Throughout its existence this headquarters controlled the well-known Afrika Korps, and for most of its life it controlled a number of other German and Italian units as well.Notice that a no time were all the German units in Africa subordinate to the Afrika Korps; some were reserves for the Panzer Army, and some were occasionally subordinated to Italian armies or corps. The following overview of its assets is taken from lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de, with dates corrected (see references).
Order of battle of Panzer Group Africa
Panzer Group Africa (Rommel)
- As of September 1941: (during Rommel's first push into the Western Desert)
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * German 15th Panzer Division
Order of battle of Panzer Army Africa
Panzer Army Africa (Rommel)
- As of January 1942: (during Rommel's second push into the Western Desert)
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian X Corps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * Italian Marmarica Corps
- * German 90th Light Africa Division
- * Italian 55th Division Savona
- As of April 1942: (before and during the Gazala battles and the Siege of Tobruk)
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian X Corps
- * Italian XX Motorized Corps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * German 90th Light Africa Division
- As of August 1942: (during the Battle of El Alamein)A very detailed order of battle for this period is given at [axishistory.com]. However, it may have a few inaccuracies in its details, e.g. other sources show the German 164th Light Afrika Division subordinate to the Italian XX Corps rather than directly to Panzer Army Afrika.
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian X Corps
- * Italian XX Motorized Corps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * Italian 133rd Armored Division Littorio
Order of battle of the German-Italian Panzer Army
German-Italian Panzer Army (Rommel)- As of November 1942: (during the withdrawal from the Western Desert)
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian X Corps
- * Italian XX Motorized Corps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * German 90th Light Afrika Division
- * Italian 136th Motorized Infantry Division Giovanni Fascisti
- * Italian 17th Infantry Division Pavia
- As of February 1943: (defending southern Tunisia)
- * German Afrika Korps
- * Italian XX Motorized Corps
- * Italian XXI Corps
- * German 164th Light Afrika Division
- * German Ramcke Parachute Brigade
Order of battle of Army Group Africa
From February 1943:
- German Fifth Panzer Army (northern Tunisia)
- Italian First Army (southern Tunisia)
See also
- Western Desert Campaign, Siege of Tobruk, North African Campaign
- Panzer, Armored warfare
- Army, Wehrmacht,
- List of World War II military units of Germany
- List of Italian divisions in WWII
References
- Wendel, Marcus (2004). "[Panzer-Armee Afrika]". Retrieved May 7 2005.
- "[164. leichte Afrika-Division]". German language article at www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de. Retrieved May 7 2005.
- "[Deutsches Afrika-Korps (DAK)]". German language article at www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de. Retrieved May 7 2005.
- "[Panzergruppe Afrika / Panzerarmee Afrika / Deutsch-Italienische Panzerarmee]". German language article at www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de. Retrieved May 7 2005.
- Pipes, Jason. "[Heeresgruppe Afrika]". Retrieved May 12 2005.
- "[Heeresgruppe Afrika]". German language article at www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de. Retrieved May 12 2005.
Footnotes
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