Gichin Funakoshi
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-->Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍 Funakoshi Gichin, 1868–1957) was an Okinawan karate master who formally introduced karate to the Japanese mainland in 1921.
His son, Funakoshi Yoshitaka modernized the system of karate that he originally developed. This was accomplished predominately by lowering the height of some techniques such as zuki (punches), shoto uke (knife hand strike) and adding kicking techniques above the waist. Shotokan, as it came to be called, was influenced by kendo distancing and timings. Funakoshi had trained in both of the popular styles of Okinawan karate of the time: Shorei-ryu and Shorin-ryu
In 1936 Funakoshi built the Shotokan dojo in Tokyo.
This eventually led to the creation of the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1955 with Funakoshi named as the chief instructor, however, Funakoshi was not supportive of all of the changes that the organization made to his karate. He remained in Tokyo until his death in April 1957, aged 88. After World War 2, Funakoshi's surviving students (largely consisting of university students) formalized his teachings into a style that grew to be called Shotokan (松涛館 Shōtōkan), literally, the house of pine waves. Shoto refers to the pen name that Funakoshi used when writing poetry, and Kan refers to the hall or building where the students of Shoto practiced.
Funakoshi published several books on karate, including his autobiography- Karate-Do: My Way of Life.
References
- Funakoshi, Gichin, (1973). Karate-Do Kyohan - The Master Text, Translated by Tsutomu Ohshima, Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN : 0-87011-190-6
- Funakoshi, Gichin, (1981). Karate-Do, My Way of Life, Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN : 0-87011-463-8
- Funakoshi, Gichin, (1994). Karate-Do Nyumon - The Master Introductory Text, Translated by John Teramoto, Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN : 4-7700-1891-6
- Funakoshi, Gichin, (2001). Karate Jutsu - The Original Teachings of Master Funakoshi, Translated by John Teramoto, Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN : 4-7700-2681-1
- Funakoshi, Gichin, (2004). The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate - The Spiritual Legacy of the Master, Translated by John Teramoto, Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN：4-7700-2796-6
- Cook, Harry, Shotokan Karate, A Precise History
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