Gin
Encyclopedia : G : GI : GIN : Gin
- This article concerns the beverage. For other uses see Gin (disambiguation).
The most common style of gin, typically used for mixed drinks, is "London dry gin", which refers not to brand, marque, or origin, but to a distillation process. London dry gin is a high-proof spirit, usually produced in a column still and redistilled after the botanicals are added to the base spirit. In addition to juniper, it is usually made with a small amount of citrus botanicals like lemon and bitter orange peel. Other botanicals that may be used include anise, angelica root, orris root, cinnamon, coriander, and cassia bark.
A well-made gin will be very dry with a smooth texture lacking in harshness. The flavor will be harmonious yet have a crisp character with a pronounced Juniper flavor.
Other types of gin include Jenever (Dutch gin), Plymouth gin, and Old Tom gin (said to approximate the pot-distilled 18th century spirit).
History
Gin originated in the Netherlands in the 17th century - its invention is often credited to the physician Franciscus Sylvius. From there it spread to England after the Glorious Revolution put a Dutchman on the British throne. Dutch gin, known as jenever, is a distinctly different drink from English-style gin; it is distilled with barley and sometimes aged in wood, giving it a slight resemblance to whisky. Schiedam, in South Holland, is famous for its jenever. Jenever is produced in a pot still and is typically lower in alcohol and more strongly flavored than London gin.
Gin became very popular in England after the government allowed unlicensed gin production and at the same time imposed a heavy duty on all imported spirits. This created a market for poor-quality grain that was unfit for brewing beer, and thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer, and because of its cheapness it became extremely popular with the poor. Of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London, over half were gin-shops. Beer maintained a healthy reputation as it was often safer to drink the brewed ale than unclean plain water. Gin, though, was blamed for various social and medical problems, and it may have been a factor in the high death rate that caused London's previously increasing population to remain stable. The reputation of the two drinks was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751). This negative reputation survives today in the English language, in terms like "gin-mills" to describe disreputable bars or "gin-soaked" to refer to drunks. The Gin Act of 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers but led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act of 1751 was more successful, however. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin-shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates. Gin in the 18th century was produced in pot stills, and was somewhat sweeter than the London gin known today.
The column still was invented in 1832, and the "London dry" style was developed later in the 19th century. In tropical English colonies, gin was used to mask the bitter flavor of quinine, a protection against malaria, which was diluted in tonic water. This was the origin of today's popular gin and tonic combination, even though quinine is no longer used against malaria. Many other gin-based mixed drinks were invented, including the martini. Secretly produced "bathtub gin" was a common drink in the speakeasies of Prohibition-era America due to the relative simplicity of the basic production methods. It remained popular as the basis of many cocktails after the repeal of Prohibition.
At the present time there are numerous types and manufactures of gin, the most notable of which are listed below. Tanqueray Ten has received several awards since its 2000 debut, including double gold medals in 2004 and 2005 at the San Francisco Spirits Competition. Bombay Sapphire is another premium gin that has won international awards since debuting in 1992. In 2005, the Monde Selection in Brussels awarded South Gin (made by Pacific Dawn Distillers of New Zealand) the "Grand Gold with Palm Leaves," rating it the best gin in the world.
The National Gin Museum is in Hasselt, Belgium.
Bathtub Gin
The phrase bathtub gin refers to a concoction used during prohibition. Cheap, sometimes dangerous, spirits were placed in large containers, such as a bathtub. Enough water was added to prevent the alcohol from being poisonous and juniper oil was added to cover the awful taste of the alcohol. Complex cocktails from the 1930's may have been developed to hide the terrible taste of bathtub gin. Gin was used because the juniper taste was the easiest to synthesize.
Bathtub Gin was also a song by the jamband Phish, released officially only on their live album Hampton Comes Alive. Due to the overusage of a very popular Phish shirt, the song Bathtub Gin has moved into the spotlight in recent years.
Common mixers for gin
- Vermouth - in a martini
- Tonic water - in a Gin and tonic
- Soda water - in a Gin Rickey
- Orange juice
- Lemon juice
- Lime juice
- Grapefruit juice
- Ginger Ale or Ginger Beer
- Cranberry juice
Cocktails with gin
- Martini
- Tin Roof
- Tom Collins
- Maiden's Prayer
- Greyhound
- Salty Dog
- Singapore Sling
- Gimlet
- Gin and Tonic
- Pimm's N°1.
- Apoica
- Orange Blossom
- Pink Gin
Premium / Famous gin brands
- Beefeater - first produced in 1820
- Blackwood's Superior Nordic Vintage Dry Gin
- Bombay - distilled with eight botanicals
- Booth's - first produced in 1790 by Sir Felix Booth
- Bombay Sapphire - distilled with ten botanicals
- DH Krahn Gin
- Ginebra San Miguel - has juniper berries as its main flavor, produced by the company of the same name and is the largest-selling gin in the world although it is mainly sold in the Philippines
- Gordon's
- Greenall's
- Hendrick's Gin - infused with cucumber, coriander, citrus peel and rose petals
- Plymouth - first distilled in 1793
- Seagram's
- South Gin - triple distilled in New Zealand using nine botanicals, two of which are native: manuka berries and kawa kawa leaves, believed by the indigenous Māori people to offer medicinal properties
- Tanqueray
- Tanqueray Ten
- Whitley Neill London Dry Gin - premium gin containing two African botanicals, the fruit of the Baobab tree, the "Tree of Life", and the Cape Gooseberry
Other gin brands and variations
- Anchor Junipero Gin - produced in California by Anchor Steam Brewery
- Bafferts Gin - Triple-distilled with four botanicals in England
- Barton Gin
- Bellringer Gin - 94.4 proof English gin.
- Bols Gin
- Bombadier Military Gin
- Boodles British Gin - 90.4 proof gin
- Boomsma Jonge Genevere Gin
- Broker's Premium Dry London Gin
- Burnett's Crown Select Gin
- Caballito: Panama's finest export gin
- Cadenhead's Old Raj Gin - 110 proof gin containing a small amount of saffron, which imparts a slight yellowish/greenish tint.
- Citadelle - distilled with nineteen botanicals in France
- Cork Dry
- Cascade Mountain Gin - uses hand-picked wild juniper berries, distilled in Oregon
- Damrak Amsterdam
- Dirty Olive - olive-flavored
- Fleischmann's Gin - Marketed as the original American gin, first distilled in 1870
- Gilbey's London Dry Gin
- Gin Bulag - the Philippines' most famous choice of gin. Directly translated as "Blind Gin," this concoction has been aptly named after gin drunkards have been reported to lose their eyesight after three straight days of gin insobriety.
- Gin Llave - Argentina's prime and extra-smooth concoction.
- Gin Lubuski
- Gin Xoriguer - Minorcan local gin
- Gordon's London Gin (By Appointment To Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain)
- Hamptons Gin
- Juniper Green Organic Gin - first gin made from all organic ingredients in England with four botanicals
- Leyden Dry Gin - Distilled three times in small batches, twice in column stills then in a pot still
- Quintessential
- Sarticious Gin - Dutch style gin distilled in Santa Cruz, California, orange and cilantro
- Steinhäger
- Swordsman
- Van Gogh Gin - Dutch gin produced with ten botanicals in small batches. Triple distilled, twice in column stills then in a traditional pot still
See also
External links
- [link] A thorough article about the history and types of gin.
- [Gintime.com]
- [Gin in Victorian London]
- [Recipes with Gin]
- [ARGACÉ's official website] A dynamic student association from Québec that works hard to revitalise the image of Gin (particularly Holland's great jenevers)
References
- Patrick Dillon. Gin: The Much-Lamented Death of Madam Geneva: The Eighteenth Century Gin Craze. ISBN 1932112006.
- Deegan, Grant. "History of Gin, from Bathroom to Boardroom, Gin and its History". http://www.mixology.com/issues/my2k/science/gin.htm
| Alcohol |
| Ethanol | History of alcohol | Brewery | Health | Alcohol advertising | Drugs | Drinking culture | Drunkenness | Breathalyzer | Hangover |
| Fermented beverages |
|---|
| Wine | Beer | Ale | Rye beer | Corn beer | Wheat beer | Sake | Sonti | Makkoli | Tuak | Cider | Apfelwein | Perry | Basi | Pulque | Plum wine | Pomace wine | Mead | Kumis |
| Distilled beverages |
| Scotch whisky | Rye whisky | Bourbon whiskey | Wheat whisky | Rice: shochu (Japan) | soju (Korea) | Huangjiu | Baijiu (China) | Fruits: brandy | Cognac | Gin | Pisco | Apples: cider | apfelwein | applejack | Calvados | Sugarcane / Molasses: rum | cachaça | aguardiente | guaro | Agave: tequila | mezcal | Plums: slivovitz | tzuica | palinca | Pomace: grappa (Italy) | Trester (Germany) | marc (France) | zivania (Cyprus) | Potato: vodka | aquavit | brennivín | Milk: Araka |
| Other beverages |
| Cocktails | Alcopop |
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.