Glaive

A glaive is a polearm consisting of a single-edged blade on the end of a pole. It is similar to the Japanese naginata. However, instead of having a tang like a sword or naginata, the blade is affixed in a socket-shaft configuration similar to an axe head. Typically, the blade was around 18 inches (55 cm) long, on the end of a pole 6 or 7 feet (180-210 cm) long. Occasionally glaive blades were created with a small hook on the reverse side to better catch riders. Such blades are called glaive-guisarmes.

According to the 1599 treatise Paradoxes of Defense by the English Gentleman George Silver, the glaive is used in the same general manner as the quarterstaff, half pike, forest bill, halberd, or partisan. Silver rates this class of polearms above all other individual hand-to-hand combat weapons.

Other uses

The word glaive has historically been given to several very different types of weapon.

The word glaive originated in French. Almost all etymologists derive it from either the Latin (gladius) or Celtic (*cladivos, cf. claymore) word for sword. Nevertheless, all the earliest attestations in both French and English refer to spears.OED s.v. Glaive: "Hatz-Darm. regard OF. glaive as an adapted form of L. gladius (through the stages gladie, glaie, glavie). Ascoli supposes it to represent a Celtic *cladivo- (OIr. claideb sword, Gael. claidheamh). Neither view, however, accounts for the earliest meaning of the word in OF., which is also that of MHG. glavîe, glævîn, MDu. glavie, glaye, Sw. glaven." It is attested in this meaning in English roughly from the 14th century to the 16th.
In the 15th century it acquired the meaning described above.
Around the same time it also began being used as a poetic word for sword (this is the main use of the word in Modern French).
Starting around the 1980's the word began to describe a fourth type of weapon: a whirling projectile blade, similar to a shuriken but much larger. This fictional weapon is usually, portrayed as being able to return to its wielder, much like a boomerang. "Glaives" of this type have shown up in several films and other aspects of fantasy fiction, most notably the film Krull in which the weapon had five bladed arms.

Notes

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