Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Encyclopedia : G : GO : GON : Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

|- | align="center" colspan="2" |

|- | colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd" | Identifiers |- | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | Symbol(s) | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [GNRHR] GnRH-R; LRHR; |- | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | Entrez | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [2798] |- class="hiddenStructure" | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | OMIM | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [138850] |- | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | RefSeq | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [NM_000406] |- | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | UniProt | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [P30968] |- class="hiddenStructure" | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | PDB | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [] |- | colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd" | Other data |- class="hiddenStructure" | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | EC number | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | [] |- | bgcolor="#e7dcc3" | Locus | bgcolor="#eeeeee" | Chr. 4[q21.2] |- |}

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate.

Contents

• 1 Function
• 2 Gene
• 3 Regulation
• 4 Clinical implications

Function

Following binding of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH), GNRHR associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-calciumsecond messenger system. Activation of GNRHR ultimately causes the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Gene

Alternative splicing of the GNRHR gene, GNRHR, results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for GNRHR.

Regulation

The GNRHR responds to GNRH as well as to GNRH agonists. Agonists stimulate the receptor, however prolonged exposure leads to a downregulation effect resulting in hypogonadism, an effect that is often medically utilized. GNRH antagonists block the receptor and inhibit gonadotropin release. GNRHRs are further regulated by the presence of sex hormones, inhibin, and activin.

Clinical implications

Defects in the GNRHR are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH).

 

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