Governor-General of the Philippines
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Governor-General of the Philippines was the title of the chief political executive during two pre-independence phases in the history of the Philippines, under Spanish and US rule.
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Spanish royal colony
The Royal Governor-general of the Philippines ruled the Spanish colony of the modern-day Philippines. This territory was also called the Captaincy General of the Philippines and thus the Governor also held the title of Captain General, a military rank conferred by the Spanish Cortes. The men that held this position governed the Philippines from 1565 to 1898, on behalf of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and eventually, directly from the Spanish Crown.Lists of Spanish Governors-general
Viceroyalty of New Spain (
- Administered from New Spain, under the Viceroy in Mexico city (1565)
- Miguel López de Legazpi, (1565-1572) (Conquistador)
- Guido de Lavezaris, (1572-1575)
- Francisco de Sande, (1575-1580)
- Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza, (1580-1583)
- Diego Ronquillo, (1583-1584)
- Santiago de Vera, (1584-1590)
- Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, (1590-1593)
- Licente Pedro de Rojas, (1593-1593)
- Luis Pérez Dasmariñas, (1593-1596)
- Francisco de Tello De Guzmán, (1596-1602)
- Pedro Bravo de Acuña, (1602-1606)
- Audiencia (colonial level under he viceroyalty) of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1606-1608)
- Rodrigo de Vivero, (1608-1609)
- Juan de Silva, (1609-1616)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs,(1616-1618)
- Alfonso Fajardo y Tenza, (1618-1624)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1624-1625)
- Fernándo de Silva, (1625-1626)
- Juan Niño de Tabora, (1626-1632)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1632-1633)
- Juan Cerezo de Salamanca, (1633-1635)
- Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, (1635-1644)
- Diego Fajardo, (1644-1653)
- Sabiniano Manrique de Lara, (1653-1663)
- Diego de Salcedo, (1663-1668)
- Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz, (1668-1669)
- Manuel de León, (1669-1677)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1677-1678)
- Juan de Vargas Hurtado, (1678-1684)
- Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola, (1684-1689)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1689-1690)
- Fausto Cruzat y Gongora, (1690-1701)
- Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri, (1701-1709)
- Martín de Urzua y Arismendi, (1709-1715)
- Audiencia of Mexico Governs - Political Affairs, (1715-1717)
- Fernándo Manuel de Bustillo Bustamente y Rueda, (1717-1719)
- Francisco de la Cuesta, (1719-1721)
- Toribio José Cosio y Campo, (1721-1729)
- Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, (1729-1739)
- Gaspar de la Torre, (1739-1745)
- Juan Arrechederra, (1745-1750)
- José Francisco de Obando y Solis, (1750-1754)
- Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban, (1754-1759)
- Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta, (1759-1761)
- Manuel Rojo, (1761-1762)
- Simón de Anda y Salazar, (1762-1764). British occupation of Manila (1762-1764)
- Francisco Javíer de la Torre, (1764-1765)
- José Raón, (1765-1770)
- Simón de Anda y Salazar, Re-elected (1770-1776)
- Pedro Sarrio, (1776-1778)
- José Basco y Vargas, (1778-1787)
- Pedro de Sarrio, (1787-1788)
- Félix Berenguer de Marquina, (1788-1793)
- Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León, (1793-1806)
- Mariano Fernández de Folgueras, (1806-1810)
- Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar, (1810-1813)
- Mexican War of Independence, (1810-1821)
- José Gardoqui Jaraveitia, (1813-1816)
- Mariano Fernández de Folgueras, Re-elected (1816-1822)
Spanish Crown Colony (
- Directly administered by the Spanish Crown (1821)
- Juan Antonio Martínez, (1822-1825)
- Marinao Ricafort Palacín y Ararca, (1825-1830)
- Pascual Enrile y Alcedo, (1830-1835)
- Gabriel de Torres, (1835-1835)
- Juan Crámen, (1835-1835)
- Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona, (1835-1837)
- Andrés García Camba, (1837-1838)
- Luis Lardizábal, (1838-1841)
- Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri, (1841-1843)
- Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre, (1843-1844)
- Narciso Clavería y Zaldua, (1844-1849)
- Antonio María Blanco, (1849-1850)
- Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía, (1850-1853)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, (1853-1854)
- Manuel Pavía y Lay, (1854-1854)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, 1st Re-elected (1854-1854)
- Manuel Crespo y Cebrían, (1854-1856)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, 2nd Re-elected (1856-1857)
- Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero, (1857-1860)
- Ramón María Solano y LLanderal, (1860-1860)
- Juan Herrera Dávila, (1860-1861)
- José Lemery É Ibarrola Ney y González, (1861-1862)
- Salvador Valdés, (1862-1862)
- Rafael de Echaque, (1862-1865)
- Joaquín del Solar É Ibáñez, (1865-1865)
- Juan de Lara É Irigoyen, (1865-1866)
- José Laureano de Sanz y Posse, (1866-1866)
- Antonio Osorio, (1866-1866)
- Joaquín del Solar, (1866-1866)
- José de la Gándara y Navarro, (1866-1869)
- Manuel Maldonado, (1869-1869)
- Cárlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada, (1869-1871)
- Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez, (1871-1873)
- Manuel Mac-crohon, (1873-1873)
- Juan Alminos y Pe Vivar, (1873-1874)
- Manuel Blanco Valderrama, (1874-1874)
- José Malcampo y Monje, (1874-1877)
- Domingo Moriones y Murillo, (1877-1880)
- Rafael Rodríguez Arias, (1880-1880)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (1880-1883)
- Emilio Molíns, (1883-1883)
- Joaquín Jovellar, (1883-1885)
- Emilio Molíns, Re-elected (1885-1885)
- Emilio Terrero y Perinat, (1885-1888)
- Antonio Molto, (1888-1888)
- Federico Lobaton, (1888-1888)
- Valeriano Wéyler, (1888-1891)
- Eulogio Despujol, (1891-1893)
- Federico Ochando, (1893-1893)
- Ramón Blanco, (1893-1896)
- Camilo Polavieja, (1896-1897)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (1897-1898) (2nd time)
- Basilio Agustín, (1898)
- Mario Jaudenes, (1898)
- Agustin De Los Rios (1898)
- José de Lachambre, (April 15-23, 1897)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (April 23, 1897-April 11, 1898)
- Basilio Augustin, (April 11, 1898-May 1, 1898)
- Fermín Jáudens, (1898)
- Francisco Rizzo, (1898)
- Diego de los Ríos, (1898)
Spanish-American War, 1898
The militarily superior US established a military government
- Directly administered by the Spanish Crown (1821)
- Juan Antonio Martínez, (1822-1825)
- Marinao Ricafort Palacín y Ararca, (1825-1830)
- Pascual Enrile y Alcedo, (1830-1835)
- Gabriel de Torres, (1835-1835)
- Juan Crámen, (1835-1835)
- Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona, (1835-1837)
- Andrés García Camba, (1837-1838)
- Luis Lardizábal, (1838-1841)
- Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri, (1841-1843)
- Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre, (1843-1844)
- Narciso Clavería y Zaldua, (1844-1849)
- Antonio María Blanco, (1849-1850)
- Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía, (1850-1853)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, (1853-1854)
- Manuel Pavía y Lay, (1854-1854)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, 1st Re-elected (1854-1854)
- Manuel Crespo y Cebrían, (1854-1856)
- Ramón Montero y Blandino, 2nd Re-elected (1856-1857)
- Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero, (1857-1860)
- Ramón María Solano y LLanderal, (1860-1860)
- Juan Herrera Dávila, (1860-1861)
- José Lemery É Ibarrola Ney y González, (1861-1862)
- Salvador Valdés, (1862-1862)
- Rafael de Echaque, (1862-1865)
- Joaquín del Solar É Ibáñez, (1865-1865)
- Juan de Lara É Irigoyen, (1865-1866)
- José Laureano de Sanz y Posse, (1866-1866)
- Antonio Osorio, (1866-1866)
- Joaquín del Solar, (1866-1866)
- José de la Gándara y Navarro, (1866-1869)
- Manuel Maldonado, (1869-1869)
- Cárlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada, (1869-1871)
- Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez, (1871-1873)
- Manuel Mac-crohon, (1873-1873)
- Juan Alminos y Pe Vivar, (1873-1874)
- Manuel Blanco Valderrama, (1874-1874)
- José Malcampo y Monje, (1874-1877)
- Domingo Moriones y Murillo, (1877-1880)
- Rafael Rodríguez Arias, (1880-1880)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (1880-1883)
- Emilio Molíns, (1883-1883)
- Joaquín Jovellar, (1883-1885)
- Emilio Molíns, Re-elected (1885-1885)
- Emilio Terrero y Perinat, (1885-1888)
- Antonio Molto, (1888-1888)
- Federico Lobaton, (1888-1888)
- Valeriano Wéyler, (1888-1891)
- Eulogio Despujol, (1891-1893)
- Federico Ochando, (1893-1893)
- Ramón Blanco, (1893-1896)
- Camilo Polavieja, (1896-1897)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (1897-1898) (2nd time)
- Basilio Agustín, (1898)
- Mario Jaudenes, (1898)
- Agustin De Los Rios (1898)
- José de Lachambre, (April 15-23, 1897)
- Fernando Primo de Rivera, (April 23, 1897-April 11, 1898)
- Basilio Augustin, (April 11, 1898-May 1, 1898)
- Fermín Jáudens, (1898)
- Francisco Rizzo, (1898)
- Diego de los Ríos, (1898)
Spanish-American War, 1898
The militarily superior US established a military governmentUS Military Governors
- 1898: Wesley Merritt
- 1898 - 1900 Elwell S. Otis
- 1900 - 1901 Arthur MacArthur, Jr.
US-American rule
From 1901 to 1935, the Philippines were governed by the United States of America.The Governor-General was appointed by the President of the United States and approved by the Senate. Unlike the Governors General of the British Dominions, the American Governors General exercised active executive authority over the nation they were appointed to administer, more like Governors of British colonies.
List of US Governors-General
- 1901 - 1904 William Howard Taft
- 1904 - 1906 Luke E. Wright
- 1906 Henry Clay Ide
- 1906 - 1907 James Francis Smith
- 1907 - 1908 Newton W. Gilbert
- 1908 - 1913 William Cameron Forbes
- 1913 - 1921 Francis Burton Harrison
- 1921 Charles Yeater (acting)
- 1921 - 1927 Leonard Wood
- 1927 Eugene Allen Gilmore
- 1927 - 1929 Henry L. Stimson
- 1929 - 1930 Eugene Allen Gilmore
- 1930 - 1932 Dwight Filley Davis
- 1932 - 1933 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.
- 1933 - 1935 Frank Murphy
See also
- Audiencia
- New Spain
- List of Viceroys of New Spain
- Spanish Empire
- History of the Philippines
- Governor-General
- Lists of office-holders
Sources and references
(incomplete)
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