HMS Duke of York (17)
Encyclopedia : H : HM : HMS : HMS Duke of York (17)
.jpg "HMS Duke of York") HMS Duke of York anchored, circa 1947 | |
| Career |
|
|---|---|
| Ordered: | 16 November 1936 |
| Laid down: | 5 May 1937, John Brown and Company, Clydebank, Scotland |
| Launched: | 28 February 1940 |
| Commissioned: | 20 August 1940 |
| Decommissioned: | November 1951 |
| Fate: | Scrapped 1957 at Shipbreaking Industries, Ltd., Faslane, Scotland |
| Struck: | 18 May 1957 |
| General Characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 42,500 tons (trials) |
| Length: | 745 ft 1 in (227.1 m) Overall 740 ft (225.6 m) Waterline |
| Beam: | 103 ft 2 in (31.4 m) |
| Draught: | 34 ft 4 in (10.5 m) |
| Propulsion: | 8 Admiralty 3-drum small-tube boilers 4 sets Parsons Geared Turbines 4 3-bladed propellers, 14 ft 6 in (4.42m) diameter 110,300 hp to four shafts (trials) |
| Speed: | 28.3 knots |
| Range: | 6,000 nm at 14 knots 5,600 nm at 10 knots (1944) |
| Complement: | 1,556 (1945) |
| Armament (1945): |
|
| Aircraft: | 4 Walrus Seaplanes, 1 double-ended catapult (removed early 1944) |
| Motto: | |
HMS Duke of York was a King George V class battleship of the Royal Navy, and the second of the name, the predecessor having been a 4-gun cutter purchased in 1763 and sold in 1766. The ship was originally to be named Anson but adopted its final name in December 1938.
Built at the John Brown & Company shipyard in Clydebank, Scotland, and launched in 1940, she was commissioned too late to see action against the Bismarck, or any other German naval surface raider in the early Atlantic battles of World War II. However, Duke of York did play a pivotal role in reducing German naval power. On her shakedown cruise in December, 1941, she embarked Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill for a trip to confer with United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, arriving in Annapolis on 22 December 1941. In March, 1942, she escorted the Russia-bound convoy PQ-12 with the intention of intercepting the German battleship Tirpitz. On 6 March, Tirpitz did put to sea, but no contact was made.
In late December 1943, Duke of York was part of the Home Fleet, covering convoys between the UK and the Soviet Union. German surface vessels based in Norway were a constant threat to these convoys, and the German fleet in being forced the retention of powerful naval forces in British home waters.
One of those vessels was the battlecruiser Scharnhorst. During the passage of convoy JW55B, Scharnhorst left her base and steamed to engage. In the unfolding battle, Duke of York scored a vital hit in Scharnhorst's boiler room which prevented her escape and led to her destruction in the Battle of North Cape. After the sinking of Scharnhorst and the retreat of most of the other German heavy units from Norway, the need to maintain powerful forces in British home waters was diminished. After a modernization in Liverpool during 1944 which included the enhancement of her anti-aircraft armament, Duke of York headed east to join the British Pacific Fleet, then assembling to take part in the invasion of Okinawa. The ship performed a vital anti-aircraft protection role for the aircraft carriers of the fleet and also bombarded Japanese positions on several occasions. She was flagship of the British Pacific Fleet when Japan surrendered.
Following the end of the war, Duke of York remained in service until April 1949. Battleships were now, whilst not completely obsolete, certainly rapidly approaching obsolesence. They were also money- and crew-intensive units, two things that Britain of the postwar era could not afford. The ship was scrapped in 1957 at Faslane.
A distinguishing feature of the Duke of York was the extended fire control platform located on the after funnel. On this ship it extended out over the boat deck (after the refit during which the aircraft equipment was deleted from the ship's configuration).
References
- Siegfried Breyer, Battleships and Battlecruisers 1905-1970 (Doubleday and Company; Garden City, New York, 1973) (originally published in German as Schlachtschiffe und Schlachtkreuzer 1905-1970, J.F. Lehmanns, Verlag, Munchen, 1970). Contains various line drawings of the ship as designed and as built.
- Robert Gardiner, ed., Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1922 - 1946 (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1980)
External links
| King George V-class battleship |
| King George V | Prince of Wales | Duke of York | Anson | Howe |
| List of battleships of the Royal Navy |
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