Habsburg-Valois War

Encyclopedia : H : HA : HAB : Habsburg-Valois War

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Habsburg-Valois War
Marciano – Renty – St. Quentin – Gravelines

Italian Wars
First – Second – League of Cambrai – 1521 – League of Cognac – 1535 – 1542 – Habsburg-Valois

The term "Habsburg-Valois War" may also refer to the Italian Wars generally, or to any of their component conflicts after 1521.

The Habsburg-Valois War (1551–59), also known as the Italian War of 1551, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis to the throne, declared war against Charles with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. An early offensive against Lorraine was successful, but the attempted French invasion of Tuscany in 1553 was defeated at the Battle of Marciano. Charles' abdication in 1556 split the Habsburg empire between Phillip II of Spain and Ferdinand I shifted the focus of the war to Flanders, where Phillip, in conjunction with Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, defeated the French at St. Quentin. England's entry into the war later that year led to the French capture of Calais, and French armies plundered Spanish possessions in the Low Countries; but Henry was nonetheless forced to accept the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, in which he renounced any further claims to Italy.

Le Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)

The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was signed between Elizabeth I of England and Henry II of France on April 2 and between Henry II and Philip II of Spain on April 3 1559, at Le Cateau-Cambrésis, around twenty kilometers south-east of Cambrai. Under its terms, France restored Piedmont and Savoy to the Duke of Savoy, but retained Saluzzo, Calais and the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun. Spain retained Franche-Comté. Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy married Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry, the sister of Henry II of France, and Philip II of Spain married Henry's daughter Elisabeth.

Henry II of France died during the tournament held to celebrate the peace. King Henry's eye was pierced by a sliver that penetrated the brain, from the shattered lance of Gabriel Montgomery, captain of the King's Scottish Guard.

 

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