Hanko, Finland

Encyclopedia : H : HA : HAN : Hanko, Finland

Hanko (IPA: /ˈhɑŋko/) (Hangö in Swedish, or Гангут in Russian), is a small bilingual port city on the south coast of Finland, 130 km west of Helsinki. Its current population is 9,905 (2004-12-31), with nearly half (44,3 %) being Finland-Swedish.
Hangon kaupunki - Hangö stad

120px
Coat of Arms Location

Founded 1874
Province Southern Finland
Region Uusimaa
Sub-region Ekenäs
Area
- Of which land
- Rank 116.45 km²
114.47 km²
ranked 397th
Population
- Density
- Change
-Rank 9,905 (2004)
86.5 inh./km²
- 0.1%
ranked 103rd
Urbanisation 96.3%
Unemployment 10.5%
Official languages Finnish, Swedish
City Manager Tom Axberg
Home page [http://www.hanko.fi/]

Contents

1 Features
2 Events
3 History
4 Soviet naval base
5 See also
6 External links

Features

The water tower and church in Hanko. They were rebuilt after the war, having been destroyed by the Soviets.

The Hanko Peninsula, on which the city is located, is the southernmost tip of continental Finland. The soil is a sandy moraine, and vegetation consists mainly of pine and low shrubs. Hanko is known for its beautiful archipelago.

The city has a coastline of approximately 130 kilometers (80 miles), of which 30 km (19 miles) are sandy beaches. There are also over 90 small islands and islets within the city limits.

The skyline of Hanko is dominated by the church and the water tower. Both of them received their current appearance after World War II, as their predecessors were either damaged or destroyed by the Soviet Army.

A number of ferries operate between Hanko and Rostock in Germany.

Events

The Hangon Regatta has been a traditional fixture on the Finnish social scene, and is the major summer event in Hanko. Sailing enthusiasts attend in order to compete, as well as mostly young people who have very little or no interest in sailing, and attend only in order to party and drink. The latter constitute the "Regatta tail", not appreciated by most of the town's residents, and which causes huge expenses for clean-up of the parks and streets.

Other traditional summer activities are the "Tennis Week", the "Sea Horse" riding competitions, and the "Summer Theatre" events.

Several sandy beaches and a multitude of leisure harbors attract tourists during the summer months.

History

The emigrants' memorial statue

The site was already known by sailors in the 15th century. Petroglyphs from that time are carved into the rock at the "Hauensuoli" (Swedish: "Gäddtarmen", English: "Pike's Gut") island.

Hanko has a long history of wars and battles. The Battle of Gangut between Swedish and Russian navies was fought in 1714 in the archipelago north of the peninsula. The battle was the first-ever victory of the Russian regular fleet.

The fortification works on the Hanko Peninsula had already been started by the end of the 18th century, when the Swedish constructed three separate forts on the outlying islands. The forts were later bombarded by the Royal Navy during the Crimean War and they were eventually blown up during the hostilities by their own defenders.

The city was founded in 1874, soon after the Hanko-Hyvinkää Railroad was inaugurated in 1872. The Imperial Charter for the city was granted by Tsar Alexander II.

Hanko was the port of choice for emigrants leaving Finland for a new life in North America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A memorial statue, showing birds in flight, commemorates this.

Restaurants by the marina in the busy summer tourist season.

In the late 1800s, while Finland was still a Grand Duchy under Russia, Hanko was a popular spa resort for the Russian nobility. Some of the buildings from that period survive, notably the Hanko Casino (which is not a gambling establishment, but a former banquet hall of the spa). It is nowadays a restaurant.

Field Marshal C. G. Mannerheim owned a café, "Neljän Tuulen Tupa" ("The House of the Four Winds") which still is very popular among tourists and residents alike.

The Bengtskär lighthouse is the highest one (52 meters) in the Nordic countries. It is situated to the south of Hanko. It was built in 1906 and it is the first lighthouse museum in Finland.

A panorama shot from the water tower shows the typical small town architecture, with mostly wooden buildings. Some of the archipelago is also visible.

Soviet naval base

In the Moscow Peace Treaty that ended the Winter War on March 6, 1940, Hanko was leased to the Soviet Union as a military base for a period of 30 years. During the Continuation War, Soviet troops were forced to evacuate Hanko in early December 1941. The Soviet Union renounced the lease formally in the Paris peace treaty of 1947. As a curiosity, it can be noted that the short Russo-Finnish front across the base of the peninsula on the Finnish side was held in part by volunteer troops from Sweden. A museum has been established at this location, among the trenches and other remnants of the war.

The role of the Hanko naval base was replaced by Porkkala in the armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union of September 19, 1944, released back to Finland in January 1956.

External links

[Municipal website]
[The Front Museum on the Hanko Peninsula], documenting the wartime lease of Hanko to the USSR
[Details about Hanko and Porkkala leased bases, maps]
[Bengtskär Lighthouse]

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