Heads of state of Hungary

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For Heads of State in the Kingdom of Hungary, please visit the List of Hungarian rulers.

The first republic

The 1848 revolution had particular impact on the Kingdom of Hungary. The Magyars wanted to establish a Hungarian state, while the Croats sought autonomous government and separation from Hungary.

The independent Hungarian state was proclaimed on 14 April 1849, with Louis Kossuth as Governor-President. On 13 August 1849, the Habsburgs reasserted their authority with the help of Russian troops.

Affiliation Ruler Reigns of rulers Remarks
Hungary declared complete independence from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on October 17 1918 and formed the First Republic (as the 1849 state is not counted)
Mihály Károlyi 16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919
Communist Sándor Garbai 21 March – 1 August 1919 Romania invades Hungary.
Acting Head of State Gyula Peidl 1 August – 6 August 1919
First Republic abolished.
Archduke Joseph August of Austria 6 August – 23 October 1919 Regent
István Friedrich 23 October – 24 November 1919
Károly Huszár 24 November 1919 – 1 March 1920
Monarchy Restored
Regent Miklós Horthy 1 March 1920 – 15 October 1944 Head of state. (No king at the throne)
Arrow Cross puppet-government in part of the country, occupied by Nazis Ferenc Szálasi 16 October 1944 – 28 March 1945 Hungary is occupied by Nazi Germany.
anti-Nazi government (to April 1945: in part of the country, freed of Nazis) Béla Miklós 21 December 1944 – 2 February 1946 Hungary is occupied by the Red Army.
Second Hungarian Republic
Independent Smallholders' Party Zoltán Tildy 2 February 1946 – 2 August 1948
Communist (Hungarian Workers Party) Árpád Szakasits 2 August 1948 – 26 April 1950
Renamed the "People's Republic of Hungary"
Communist Sándor Rónai 26 April 1950 – 14 August 1952
Socialist István Dobi 14 August 1952 – 13 April 1967
Hungarian Revolt of 1956
Socialist Pál Losonczi 13 April 1967 – 25 June 1987
Socialist Károly Németh 25 June 1987 – 29 June 1988
Socialist Brunó Ferenc Straub 29 June 1988 – 18 October 1989
Third Hungarian Republic
Socialist Mátyás Szűrös 18 October 1989 – 2 May 1990 Interim President
Democrat Árpád Göncz 2 May 1990 – 4 August 2000
Non-partisan Ferenc Mádl 4 August 2000 – 5 August 2005
Non-partisan László Sólyom 5 August 2005 – (incumbent)

Affiliation	Ruler	Reigns of rulers	Remarks
Hungary declared complete independence from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on October 17 1918 and formed the First Republic (as the 1849 state is not counted)
	Mihály Károlyi	16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919
Communist	Sándor Garbai	21 March – 1 August 1919	Romania invades Hungary.
Acting Head of State	Gyula Peidl	1 August – 6 August 1919
First Republic abolished.
	Archduke Joseph August of Austria	6 August – 23 October 1919	Regent
	István Friedrich	23 October – 24 November 1919
	Károly Huszár	24 November 1919 – 1 March 1920
Monarchy Restored
Regent	Miklós Horthy	1 March 1920 – 15 October 1944	Head of state. (No king at the throne)
Arrow Cross puppet-government in part of the country, occupied by Nazis	Ferenc Szálasi	16 October 1944 – 28 March 1945	Hungary is occupied by Nazi Germany.
anti-Nazi government (to April 1945: in part of the country, freed of Nazis)	Béla Miklós	21 December 1944 – 2 February 1946	Hungary is occupied by the Red Army.
Second Hungarian Republic
Independent Smallholders' Party	Zoltán Tildy	2 February 1946 – 2 August 1948
Communist (Hungarian Workers Party)	Árpád Szakasits	2 August 1948 – 26 April 1950
Renamed the "People's Republic of Hungary"
Communist	Sándor Rónai	26 April 1950 – 14 August 1952
Socialist	István Dobi	14 August 1952 – 13 April 1967
Hungarian Revolt of 1956
Socialist	Pál Losonczi	13 April 1967 – 25 June 1987
Socialist	Károly Németh	25 June 1987 – 29 June 1988
Socialist	Brunó Ferenc Straub	29 June 1988 – 18 October 1989
Third Hungarian Republic
Socialist	Mátyás Szűrös	18 October 1989 – 2 May 1990	Interim President
Democrat	Árpád Göncz	2 May 1990 – 4 August 2000
Non-partisan	Ferenc Mádl	4 August 2000 – 5 August 2005
Non-partisan	László Sólyom	5 August 2005 – (incumbent)

General Secretaries of the Hungarian Communist/Socialist Workers' Party (1945-1989)

Mátyás Rákosi: February 1945 – 18 July 1956
Ernő Gerő: 21 July – 25 October 1956
János Kádár: 25 October 1956 – 22 May 1988
Károly Grósz: 22 May 1988 – 7 October 1989

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